Dibenzothiophene series is one of the most important compositions in crude oil, which generated under multiple geological and geochemical processes. The relationships between dibenzothiophene series and other biomarkers (C29 αα sterane 20R, and C28 triaromatic sterane 20R), combined with the research of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), biodegradation, geological ages, and oil source in Paleozoic oil in Tazhong area, indicated that there are three control factors for high concentration of dibenzothiophene series. First, both middle-upper Ordovician and lower Ordovician-Cambrian source rocks are marine carbonate sedimentary rocks which could produce abundant organic sulfur compounds including dibenzothiophene series. Second, biodegradation could cause the enrichment of organic sulfur compounds. In addition, sulfate reducing bacteria was able to transfer hydrocarbons and S in SO42− in oil-bearing reservoir water into organic sulfur compound. It might be the main path to produce dibenzothiophene series. Third, sulfur compounds might have been formed by TSR, because S of SO42− in oil-bearing reservoir water could also be transferred to H2S and organic sulfur compounds under high temperature, which might result in increase of dibenzothiophene series in crude oil.
BaoJ.P.WangT.G. and ChenF.J., 1996. Relative abundance of alkyl dibenzothiophene in the source rocks and their geochemical significances. Journal of the University of Petruleum20(1), 19–23 (in Chinese with English abstract).
2.
ChenY.Z.LiuL.F.ChenL.X.ZhaoS.P.LiC. and HuoH., 2004. Hydrocarbon migration of silurian paleo-pools in tazhong and tabei areas of Tarim Basin. Earth Science29(4), 473–482 (in Chinese with English abstract).
3.
DahlJ.E.MoldowanJ.M.PetersK.E. and MelloM.R., 1998. Diamondoid hydrocarbons as indicators of thermal maturity and oil cracking. AAPG Bulletin, 1883–1984 (Abstract).
4.
DahlJ.E.MoldowanJ.M.PetersK.E.ClaypoolG.E.RooneyM.A.MichaelG.E.MelloM.R. and KohnenM.L., 1999. Diamondoid hydrocarbons as indicators of natural oil cracking. Nature399, 54–57.
5.
HanJ.F.MeiL.F.YangH.J.WuG.H.XuZ.M. and ZhuG.Y., 2007. The study of hydrocarbon origin, transport and accumulation in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience18(3), 426–435 (in Chinese with English abstract).
6.
HanJ.F.MeiL.F.YangH.J.WuG.H.YuH.F.GuoD.S. and DengL.P., 2008. Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of large-sized reef-shoal complex condensate gas field in tazhong No.1 Slope-Break Zone, Tarim Basin. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology29(3), 323–326 (in Chinese with English abstract).
7.
HaninS.AdamP.KowalewskiIHucA.CarpentierB. and AlbrechtP., 2002. Bridgehead alkylated 2-thiaadamantanes: Novel markers for sulfurisation processes occurring under high thermal stress in deep petroleum reservoirs. Chemical Communications (16), 1750–1751.
8.
HughesW.B., 1984. Use of thiophenic organosulfur compounds in characterizing crude oils derived from carbonate versus siliciclastic sources. In: PalacasJ.G. (Ed.), Petroleum Geochemistry and Source Rock Potential of Carbonate Rocks. American Assocaition of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, pp. 181–196.
9.
HuangS.P.LiaoF.R.WuX.Q. and TaoX.W., 2010. Distribution characteristics of hydrogen sulphide-bearing gas pools and the genesis of hydrogen sulphide in Sichuan Basin. Natural Gas Geosicence21(5), 705–714 (in Chinese with English abstract).
10.
JiangN.H.ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C. and WangH.H., 2008. The content of methyldibenzothiophenes in oil and its relationship with depositional environment and catagenesis. Earth Science Frontiers15(2), 186–194 (in Chinese with English abstract).
11.
JiangN.H.ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C. and WangZ.J., 2008. Detection of 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin and its geological implication. Chinese Science Bulletin53(3), 396–401.
12.
KrouseH.R.ViauC.A.EliukL.S.UedaA. and HalasS., 1988. Chemical and isotopic evidence of thermochemical sulphate reduction by light hydrocarbon gases in deep carbonate reservoirs. Nature333, 415–419.
13.
LiS.M.PangX.Q.JinZ.J.YangH.J.XiaoZ.Y.GuQ.Y. and ZhangB.S., 2010. Petroleum source in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin: New insights from geochemical and fluid inclusion data. Organic Geochemistry41(6), 531–553.
14.
LinQ.ZhouM.H.WeiZ.H.BaoJ.P.ZhongD. and LinR.Z., 2004. Molecular geochemical evidences of marine deposit in Late Triassic Yunlong Sag, Chuxiong Basin. Petroleum Exploration and Development31(4), 29–31 (in Chinese with English abstract).
15.
LiuL.F.WangW.B.WuL.ZhaoY.D.ChenZ.J.WangP.JinJ.WangW.L.MengJ.H.ZhouL.J. and LiuG.D., 2010. Geochemical characteristics of oils from Chepaizi Area, northwestern Junggar Basin, China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation27(2), 91–103.
16.
LüX.X.JiaoW.W.ZhouX.Y.LiJ.J.YuH.F. and NangN., 2009. Paleozoic carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation zones in Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, western China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation27(2), 69–90.
17.
MaY.S.GuoT.L.ZhuG.Y.CaiX.Y. and XieZ.Y., 2007. Simulated experiment evidences of the corrosion and reform actions of H2S to carbonate reservoir: An example of Feixianguan formation, east Sichuan. Chinese Science Bulletin52(suppl.), 178–183.
18.
MiJ.K.ZhangS.C.ChenJ.P.TangL.P. and HeZ.H., 2007. The distribution of cambrian oil in Lunnan area. Chinese Science Bulletin52(suppl.), 101–107.
19.
OrrW.L., 1974. Changes in sulfur content and isotopic ratios of sulfur during petroleum maturation, study of big horn basin paleozoic oils. AAPG Bulletin58, 2295–2318.
20.
PetersK.E.WaltersC.C. and MoldowanJ.M., 2007. The Biomarker Guide: Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History. Cambridge University Press, Lundon.
21.
PüttmannW.HorsfieldB.KalkreuthW.D. and SunY.Z., 2002. Petrologic and Geochemical Characteristics of Seam 9–3 and Seam 2, Xingtai Coalfield, Northern China. International Journal of Coal Geology49, 251–262.
22.
RadkeM.WillschH. and LeythaeuserD., 1986. Maturity parameters based on aromatic hydrocarbons: Influence of the organic matter type. Organic Geochemistry10, 51–63.
23.
SeifertW.K. and MoldowanJ.M., 1979. The effect of biodegradation on steranes and terpanes in crude oils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta43, 111–126.
24.
SongZ.G.WangM.C. and LiuZ.F., 2007. Thermal evolution of typical organic sulfur compounds studied by hydrous pyrolysis. Geochimica36(3), 247–252 (in Chinese with English abstract).
25.
SunY.Z. and PüttmannW., 1996. Relationship between metal enrichment and organic composition in Kupferschiefer of structure-controlled mineralization from Oberkatz Schwelle. Applied Geochemistry11, 567–581.
26.
SunY.Z. and PüttmannW., 2000. The role of organic matter during copper enrichment in Kupferschiefer from the Sangerhausen Basin, Germany. Organic Geochemistry31(11), 1143–1161.
27.
SunY.Z. and PüttmannW., 2001. Oxidation of organic matter in the transition zone of the Zechstein Kupferschiefer from the Sangerhausen Basin, Germany. Energy & Fuels15(4), 817–829.
28.
SunY.Z.JiaoW.W.ZhangS.C. and QinS.J., 2009. Gold enrichment mechanism in crude oils and source rocks in Jiyang Depression. Energy Exploration & Exploitation27(2), 133–142.
29.
SunY.Z.WangP. and ChenJ.P., 2006. Relationship of polycyclic aromatic sulfur compounds and gold enrichment in the Kupferschiefer from Poland and Germany. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry25(1), 16–22.
30.
SunY.Z.LiuC.Y.LinM.Y.LiY.H. and QinP., 2009. Geochemical evidences of natural gas migration and releasing in the Ordos Basin, China. Energy Exploration & Exploitation27, 1–13.
31.
WangT.G.HeF.Q.LiM.J.HouY. and GuoS.Q., 2005. Alkyldibenzothiophenes: Molecular tracers for filling pathway in oil reservoirs. Chinese Science Bulletin50(2), 176–182.
32.
WeiZ.B.MoldowanJ.M.ZhangS.C.HillR.JarvieD.M.WangH.T. and SongF.Q., 2007. Diamondoid hydrocarbons as a molecular proxy for thermal maturity and oil cracking: Geochemical models from hydrous pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry38, 227–249.
33.
WordenR.H. and SmalleyP.C., 1995. Gas souring by thermochemical sulfate reduction at 140 °C. AAPG Bulletin79(6), 854–863.
34.
WuF.F.ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C.JinQ.HanJF. and ZhangB., 2009. Types of hydrocarbon migration pathways and its controlling effects on hydrocarbon distribution in Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica30(3), 332–341 (in Chinese with English abstract).
35.
YangH.J.HanJ.F.ChenL.X.WuG.H. and JiY.G., 2007. Characteristics and patterns of complex hydrocarbon accumulation in the Lower Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Tazhong Palaeouplift. Oil & Gas Geology28(6), 784–790 (in Chinese with English abstract).
36.
YangH.J.WuG.H.HanJ.F.WangX.F. and JiY.G., 2007. Characteristics of hydrocarbon enrichment along the Ordovician carbonate platform margin in the central uplift of Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica28(4), 26–30 (in Chinese with English abstract).
37.
ZhaoX.F.ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C. and LiuQ.F., 2009. Comparison of deeply buried and high-quality reef-bank facies reservoirs of puguang gas field in the northeast of Sichuan Basin with tazhong gas fields of Tarim Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica27(3), 390–403 (in Chinese with English abstract).
38.
ZhaoW.Z.ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C.ZhaoX.F.SunY.S.WangH.J.YangH.J. and HanJ.F., 2009. Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate. Chinese Science Bulletin54(17), 3076–3089.
39.
ZhangS.C.WangF.Y.ZhangB.M.LiangD.G. and ZhaoM.J., 2000. The geochemistry research of oil and source rock in Mid-Up Ordovician, Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica21(6), 23–28 (in Chinese with English abstract).
40.
ZhangS.C.ZhangB.M.WangF.Y.LiangD.G. and HeZ.H., 2000. Mid-Up Ordovician Stratum: The main source rock of Tarim Basin. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology5(1–2), 16–22 (in Chinese with English abstract).
41.
ZhangS.C.LiangD.G.LiM.W.XiaoZ.Y. and HeZ.H., 2002. Molecule fossil and oil-source rock correlation of Tarim Basin. Chinese Science Bulletin47(suppl.), 16–23.
42.
ZhangS.C.LiangD.G.ZhangB.M.WangF.Y.BianL.Z. and ZhaoM.J., 2004. Generation of Marine Oil and Gas in Tarim Basin. Petroleum Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract).
43.
ZhangS.C.WangZ.M.WangF.Y.LiangD.G.XiaoZ.Y. and HuangH.P., 2004. Oil accumulation history in Tadong 2 oil reservoir in Tarim Basin, NW China-A case study of oil stability and cracking. Petroleum Exploration and Development31(6), 25–31 (in Chinese with English abstract).
44.
ZhangS.C.LiangD.G.ZhuG.Y.ZhangX.Y.ZhangB.M.ChenJ.P. and ZhangB., 2007. Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations. Chinese Science Bulletin52(suppl.), 28–43.
45.
ZhouX.Y.JiaoW.W.HanJ.F.ZhangJ.YuH.F. and LinW., 2010. Tracing hydrocarbons migration pathway in carbonate rock in Lunnan-Tahe oilfield. Energy Exploration & Exploitation28(4), 259–277.
46.
ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C.LiangY.B.DaiJ.X. and LiJ., 2005. Discussion on origins of the high-H2S-bearing natural gas in China. Acta Geologica Sinica79(5), 697–708.
47.
ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C.LiangY.B.DaiJ.X. and LiJ., 2005. Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H2S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern China. Science in China48(11), 1960–1971.
48.
ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C. and LiangY.B., 2007. The controlling factors and prediction of H2S formation in Marine Carbonate Gas Reservoir, China. Chinese Science Bulletin52(suppl.), 115–125.
49.
ZhuG.Y.ZhaoW.Z.ZhangS.C.LiangY.B. and WangZ.J., 2007. Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in Marine Sedimentary Basin, China. Chinese Science Bulletin52(suppl.), 62–76.
50.
ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C. and LiangY.B., 2009. The origin and distribution of H2S in the Petroliferous Basins, China. Acta Geological Sinica83(6), 1188–1201.
51.
ZhuG.Y.ZhangS.C.HuangH.P.LiangY.B.MengS.C. and LiY.G., 2011. Gas genetic type and origin of hydrogen sulfide in the Zhongba gas field of western Sichuan Basin, China. Applied Geochemistry26, 1261–1273.
