Pneumonia caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus is associated with a high fatality rate. There have been few reported cases in HIV-1-co-infected patients. Here we report a fatal case of severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by Panton–Valentine leukocidin-producing S. aureus in a 45-year-old woman with HIV-2 infection.
HirschtickRE, GlassrothJ, JordanMC, Bacterial pneumonia in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med1995;333:845–51
2.
CorderoE, PachonJ, RiveroA, Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: validation of severity criteria. The Grupo Andaluz para el Estudio de las Enfermedades Infecciosas. Am J Respir Crit Care Med2000;162:2063–68
3.
ChristensenD, FeldmanC, RossiP, HIV infection does not influence clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with bacterial community-acquired pneumonia: results from the CAPO international cohort study. Clin Infect Dis2005;41:554–56
4.
NorrgrenH, CardosoAN, da SilvaZJ, Increased prevalence of HIV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with severe bacterial diseases in Guinea-Bissau. Scand J Infect Dis1997;29:453–59
5.
RimlandD, NavinTR, LennoxJL, Prospective study of etiologic agents of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. AIDS2002;16:85–95
6.
MadedduG, PorquedduEM, CambosuF, Bacterial community acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected inpatients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Infection2008;36:231–36
7.
OnyemelukweGC, MusaBO. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and clinical features of HIV seropositive Nigerians on presentation. Afr J Med Med Sci2002;31:229–33
8.
MellesDC, PauwE, van den BoogaardL, Host-microbe interplay in persistent Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in HIV patients. Microbes Infect2008;10:151–58
9.
ChetchotisakdP, AnunnatsiriS, PuapermpoonsiriS, A rapidly fatal case of Panton-valentine leukocidin positive Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health2007;38:690–94
10.
MorganM. Staphylococcus aureus, Panton-Valentine leukocidin, and necrotising pneumonia. BMJ2005;331:793–94
11.
Health Protection Agency. Guidance on the Diagnosis and Management of PVL-associated Staphylococcus aureus Infection (PVL-SA) in England. London: HPA, 2008: See: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyandGuidance/DH_087173 (last accessed 04 October 2011)
12.
GilletY, IssartelB, VanhemsP, Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients. Lancet2002;359:753–59
13.
MorganMS. Diagnosis and treatment of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-associated staphylococcal pneumonia. Int J Antimicrob Agents2007;30:289–96
14.
StevensDL, MaY, SalmiDB, Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis2007;195:202–11
15.
de SilvaTI, CottenM, Rowland-JonesSL. HIV-2: the forgotten AIDS virus. Trends Microbiol2008;16:588–95
16.
AnderssonS, NorrgrenH, da SilvaZ, Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. Arch Intern Med2000;160:3286–93
