A 35-year-old Chinese man presented to medical attention with fever, cough and shortness of breath and HIV infection. His CD4+ lymphocyte count was 28 cells/μL and his HIV viral load was 386,891 copies/mL. Diagnosis of tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, mycobacterium avium complex, fungal infection and cytomegalovirus retinitis were confirmed according to the symptoms, laboratory results and radiology. After therapy for all these opportunistic infections, his symptoms were relieved. In addition, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was also initiated two weeks after his admission. The patient had a headache two months after admission and the magnetic resonance image of the brain showed left frontal lobe hypodensity. The patient then accepted brain biopsy and the pathological result proved to be primary central nervous system lymphoma). The patient refused further therapy and lost in our follow-up.
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