American Medical Association. AMA Code of Medical Ethics. Chicago: AMA, 2011. See http://www.ama.assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics.page (last checked 12 June 2012)
2.
General Medical Council. Good Medical Practice. London: GMC, 2011
3.
Information Commissioner's Office. Dealing with subject access requests involving other people's information. Data protection technical guidance note. Wilmslow, Cheshire: Information Commissioner's Office, 2006. See http://www.ico.gov.uk/upload/documents/library/data_protection/detailed_specialist_gu_ides/dealing_with_subject_access_requests_involving_other_peoples_information.pdf (last checked 12 June 2012)
4.
General Medical Council. Confidentiality guidance: Endnotes. London: GMC, 2009
5.
GilbarR. Communicating genetic information in the family: the familial relationship as the forgotten factor. J Med Ethics2007;33:390–3
6.
GilbarR. Family involvement, independence, and patient autonomy in practice. Med Law Rev2011;19:192–234
7.
GilbarR, GilbarO. The medical decision-making process and the family: the case of breast cancer patients and their husbands. Bioethics2009;23:183–92
8.
DoukasDJ, HardwigJ. Using the family covenant in planning end-of-life care: obligations and promises of patients, families, and physicians. J Am Geriatr Soc2003;51:1155–8
9.
MappesTA, ZembatyJS. Patient choices, family interests, and physician obligations. Kennedy Inst Ethics J1994;4:27–46
10.
American Medical Association. Opinion 2.131. Disclosure of Familial Risk in Genetic Testing: AMA Code of Medical Ethics. Chicago: AMA, 2004. See http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/opinion2131.page (last checked 12 June 2012)
11.
HabibaM, EvansM. The inter-role confidentiality conflict in recruitment for clinical research. J Med Philos2002;27:565–87
12.
ElgerBS. Violations of medical confidentiality: opinions of primary care physicians. Br J Gen Pract2009;59:344–52
13.
ElgerBS. Factors influencing attitudes towards medical confidentiality among Swiss physicians. J Med Ethics2009;35:517–24
14.
Perez-CarcelesMD, PereniguezJE, OsunaE, LunaA. Balancing confidentiality and the information provided to families of patients in primary care. J Med Ethics2005;31:531–5
15.
OlsenJC, SabinBR. Emergency department patient perceptions of privacy and confidentiality. J Emerg Med2003;25:329–33
16.
SieglerM. Sounding Boards. Confidentiality in medicine – a decrepit concept. N Engl J Med1982;307:1518–21
17.
MacaraAW. Confidentiality – a decrepit concept? Discussion paper. J R Soc Med1984;77:577–84
18.
BeauchampTL, ChildressJF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th edn. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001
19.
KennedyI, GrubbA. Medical Law. 3rd edn. London: Butterworths, 2000:1047–136
20.
RakatanskyH. The Patient-Physician Relationship. Report of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Chicago: American Medical Association, 2001
21.
VeatchRM. Doctor does not know best: why in the new century physicians must stop trying to benefit patients. J Med Philos2000;25:701–21
22.
HabibaM. Should medicine assist a teenager to achieve a pregnancy?J Med Ethics2011;37:201–4
23.
SadeRM. Opinion E-5.05, ‘Confidentiality’, Amendment. Report of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Chicago: AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 2006