Relationships between muscle size and hardness of the medial gastrocnemius at different ankle joint angles in young men

Abstract

Background

Measurement of muscle hardness is important for objective evaluation of the muscle condition. Muscle hardness may be related to muscle size, but this relationship has not yet been examined.

Purpose

To examine the relationship between the size and hardness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) at different ankle joint angles.

Material and Methods

Twelve young male subjects comprised the present study. Muscle thickness of the right MG (MT_MG) was measured by ultrasonography as an index of muscle size. The MT_MG was determined at 30% of the lower leg length from the popliteal crease to the lateral malleolus. At the same site, muscle hardness of the right MG (MH_MG) was measured with ultrasound real-time tissue elastography. Both measurements were taken while each subject was instructed to lie in a prone position on a test bench. The right ankle was secured to a handmade apparatus by a non-elastic belt, with the hip and knee joints fully extended and the ankle positioned at +30°, 0° and –20° (0°: neutral position, positive values indicating plantar flexion).

Results

There were no significant differences in the MT_MG among the ankle joint angles whereas the MH_MG significantly increased as the ankle was moved from plantar flexion to dorsiflexion. As a result, there was a difference in the MT_MG-MH_MG relationship between the angles. The MT_MG significantly correlated with the MH_MG only at +30° (r = 0.635, P < 0.05) where passive torque around the ankle has been shown to be near zero in previous studies.

Conclusion

The hardness of the relaxed MG with no passive tension appears to depend on its size.