Facial atrophy in HIV-related fat redistribution syndrome: a plastic surgical perspective on treatment options and a look to the future

Abstract

Approximately 50% of patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) develop lipodystrophy with central and visceral fat accumulation and/or facial and limb atrophy. Although the exact mechanisms of this are not fully understood, the facial atrophy encountered is secondary to atrophy of the subcutaneous fat, and not the deeper fat pads, as has been suggested. More recently, the above features in combination with hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance have been described and are referred to as HIV-related fat redistribution syndrome. This review looks at treatment options available for this stigmatizing condition.