Other issues: Penetration into sanctuary sites,immune reconstitution and NNRTI sequencing

Gazzard B . Personal communication

Yamamura Y , Tirado G , Soto A , Sepulveda G , Zorrilla C . Resident of HIV of vaginal compartment are distinct from plasma HIV in both drug resistance mutation patterns and viral evolution. 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, February 2001. Abstract 719

Gupta P , Leroux C , Patterson BK Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 shedding pattern in semen correlates with the compartmentalization of viral Quasi species between blood and semen. J Infect Dis 2000;182:7986

Reddy S , Kim J , Eron J Efavirenz (EFV)-containing antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (T) effectively reduces HIV RNA in the seminal plasma (SP) of HIV-1-infected men (M). 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, February 2001. Abstract 750

Fiske WD , Brenn an JM , Haines PI Efavirenz (DMP 266) cerebrospinal fluid concentrations after chronic oral administration to cynomolgus monkeys. 5th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, February 1998. Abstract 640

Tashima KT , Caliendo AM , Ahmad M Cerebrospinal fluid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) suppression and efavirenz during concentrations in HIV-1-infected patients receiving combination therapy. J Infect Dis 1999;180:8624

Tashima K , Cu-Uvin S , Caliendo A Suppression of viral load in the female genital tract and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients on combination therapy including efavirenz. 9th European Conference of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Berlin, Germany March 1999. Abstract P0554

Kearney B , Price R , Sheiner L Estimation of nevirapine exposure within the cerebrospinal fluid using CSF:plasma area under the curve ratios. 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, January-February 1999. Abstract 406

Mascolini M . Nevirapine: new drug, new class, new questions. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care 1996;2:813

Albright A , Erickson-Viitanen S , Rayner MM Efavirenz is a potent inhibitor of microglial HI V-1 replication. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Francisco, USA, September 1999. Abstract 1843

Stellbrink H-J . Personal communication

Polis M , Yoder C , Mican J More than 2 months of an aggressive 4-drug antiretroviral regimen is required to suppress CSF HIV viral burden in previously antiretroviral-naive patients. 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, January-February 1999. Abstract 404

Burchett S , Sullivan J , Luzuriaga K Combinations of didanosine (ddI), zidovudine (ZDV) and nevirapine (NVP) can reduce CSF HIV-1 viral load in pediatric patients with advanced HIV diseases. 12th Word AIDS Conference. Geneva, Switzerland, June-July 1998. Abstract 12253

Dybul M , Chun TW , Ward DJ Evaluation of lymph node virus burden in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving efavirenz-based protease inhibitor-sparing highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2000;181:12739

Quinn TC , Wawer MJ , Sewankambo N Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;342:9219

Gupta P , Mellos J , Kingsley L High viral load in semen of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected men at all stages of disease and its reduction by therapy with protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Virol 1997;71:62715

Taylor S , Back DJ , Van Heeswijk RPG Antiviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men are drug specific. 2nd Frankfurt Symposium on the Clinical Implications of HIV Drug Resistance 2000. Frankfurt, Germany, February 2000. Presentation 41

Autran B , Carcelaint G , Li TS Restoration of the immune system with anti-retroviral therapy. Immunol Lett 1999;66:20711

Zhang L , Lewin SR , Markowitz M Measuring recent thymic emigrants in blood of normal and HIV-1-infected individuals before and after effective therapy. J Exp Med 1999;190:72532

Riddler S , Kahn J , Martin G Durable HIV suppression and tolerability with efavirenz (EFV) + indinavir (DIV): results at 132 weeks (Study 003-Cohort IV). 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, USA, January-February 2000. Abstract 513

Tashima K , Staszewski S , Morales-Ramirez JO Efavirenz (EFV) + ZDV + 3TC provides superior long-term HIV-RNA suppression, antiretroviral activity and tolerability versus IDV + ZDV + 3TC: results of Study 006 at 72 weeks (initial cohort). 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious Disease Society of America. Philadelphia, USA, November 1999. Abstract 366

Manion DJ , Labriola DF , Ruiz NM Efficacy of efavirenz (Sustiva™)-containing regimens in patients with baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA viral loads exceeding 100,000 copies/ml. 6th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, January-February 1999. Abstract 383

Becker S , Rachlis A , Gill J Successful substitution of protease inhibitors with efavirenz in patients with undetectable viral loads: a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label study (DMP-049). 8th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Chicago, USA, February 2001. Abstract 20

Sullivan AK , Nelson MR , Moyle GJ Immune responses in patients changing from PI to NNRTI based HAART. 6th Annual Conference of the British HIV Association. Edinburgh, UK, March 2000. Abstract P43

Montaner JSG , Reiss P , Cooper D A randomized, double-blind trial comparing combinations of nevirapine, didanosine, and zidovudine for HIV-infected patients. The Incas Trial. JAMA 1998;279:9307

Squires K , Johnson V , Katlama C The Atlantic Study: a randomised, open-label study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three triple-combination therapies aimed at different HIV targets in antiretroviral naïve HIV-1 infected patients. 13th International AIDS Conference. Durban, South Africa, July 2000. Abstract LbPeB7046

Pollard R , Cahn P , Cassuto J Durable HIV suppression with nevirapine (NVP), zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) in treatment-naïve patients with AIDS and high viral load. 7th European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV-Infection. Lisbon, Portugal, October 1999. Abstract 1218

Hammer S , Mellors J , Vaida F A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of saquinavir (SQV)_sgc, indinavir (IDV) or nelfinavir (NFV) in combination with amprenavir (APV), abacavir (ABC), efavirenz (EFZ) and adefovir (ADV) in patients (pts) with protease inhibitor (PI) failure. 7th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. San Francisco, USA, January-February 2000. Abstract LB7

Briones C , Soriano V , Barreiro P , Hertogs K , Gonzalez-Lahoz J . Can early failure with nevirapine (NVP)-based regimens be rescued replacing NVP by efavirenz. 40th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Toronto, Canada, September 2000. Abstract 478

Bacheler LT , Baker D , Paul M , Jeffrey S , Abremski K . Efavirenz response in NNRTI-experienced patients: results from the Sustiva Expanded Access Program. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. San Francisco, USA, September 1999. Abstract 2000