European guideline for the management of tropical genito-ulcerative diseases

Brown TJ , Yen-Moore A , Tyring SK . An overview of sexually transmitted diseases. Part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41: 51132

Lewis DA . Diagnostic tests for chancroid. Sex Transm Inf 2000; 76: 13741

Sturm AW , Stolting GJ , Cormane RH , Zanen HC . Clinical and microbiological evaluation of 46 episodes of genital ulceration. Genitourin Med 1987; 63: 98101

Taylor DN , Duangmani C , Suvongse C The role of Haemophilus ducreyi in penile ulcers in Bangkok, Thailand. Sex Transm Dis 1984; 11: 14851

Nsanze H , Fast MV , D'Costa LJ , Tukei P , Curran J , Ronald A . Genital ulcers in Kenya. Clinical and laboratory study. Br J Vener Dis 1981; 57: 37881

Albritton WL . Biology of Haemophilus ducreyi. Microbiol Rev 1989; 53: 37789

Morse SA . Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi. Clin Microbiol Rev 1989; 2: 13757

Nsanze H , Plummer FA , Maggwa AB Comparison of media for the primary isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi. Sex Transm Dis 1984; 11: 69

Dangor Y , Miller SD , Koornhof HJ , Ballard RC . A simple medium for the primary isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 11: 9301

Lockett AE , Dance DA , Mabey DC , Drasar BS . Serum-free media for isolation of Haemophilus ducreyi [Letter]. Lancet 1999; 338: 326

Morse SA , Trees DL , Htun Y Comparison of clinical diagnosis and standard laboratory and molecular methods for the diagnosis of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho: association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 5839

Orle KA , Gates CA , Martin DH , Body BA , Weiss JB . Simultaneous PCR detection of Haemophilus ducreyi, Treponema pallidum, and herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 from genital ulcers. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 4954

Mayaud P . National guideline for the management of chancroid. In: Radcliffe K, et al. eds. UK national guidelines on sexually transmitted infections and closely related conditions. Sex Transm Inf 1999; 75 (suppl 1): S435

Joseph AK , Rosen T . Laboratory techniques used in the diagnosis of chancroid, granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum. Dermatol Clin 1994; 12: 18

Van Dyck E , Piot P . Laboratory techniques in the investigation of chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum and donovanosis. Genitourin Med 1992; 68: 1303

Buntin DM , Rosen T , Lesher JL JR. , Plotnick H , Brademas ME , Berger TG . Sexually transmitted diseases: bacterial infections. Committee on Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991; 25: 28799

Mittal A , Sachdeva KG . Monoclonal antibody for the diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum: a preliminary report. Br J Biomed Sci 1993; 50: 37

Stephens RS , Kuo CC , Tarn MR . Sensitivity of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion in cell culture. J Clin Microbiol 1982; 16: 47

Meijer A , Kwakkel GJ , de Vries A , Schouls LM , Ossewaarde JM . Species identification of Chlamydia isolates by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 117883

Mayaud P . National guideline for the management of lymphogranuloma venereum. In: Radcliffe K, et al. eds. UK national guidelines on sexually transmitted infections and closely related conditions. Sex Transm Inf 1999; 75 (suppl 1): S402

Hart G . Donovanosis. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 2430

Kharsany AB , Hoosen AA , Kiepiela P , Kirby R , Sturm AW . Phylogenetic analysis of Calymmaiobacterium granulomatis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48: 8417

Carter J , Hutton S , Sriprakash KS Culture of the causative organism of donovanosis (Calymmatobacterium granulomatis) in HEp-2 cells. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 29157

Paterson DL . Disseminated donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) causing spinal cord compression: case report and review of donovanosis involving bone. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26: 37983

Carter JS , Kemp DJ . A colorimetric detection system for Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. Sex Transm Inf 2000; 76: 1346

Richens J . National guideline for the management of donovanosis (granuloma inguinale). In: Radcliffe K, et al. eds. UK national guidelines on sexually transmitted infections and closely related conditions. Sex Transm Inf 1999; 75 (suppl 1): S389

Ballard R , Htun Y , Fehler G , Neilsen G . The Diagnosis and Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Southern Africa, 3rd Edn. Johannesburg, South Africa: Reference Centre for STD's, South African Institute for Medical Research, 2000

Htun Y , Morse SA , Dangor Y Comparison of clinically directed, disease specific, and syndromic protocols for the management of genital ulcer disease in Lesotho. Sex Transm Inf 1998; 74 (suppl 1): S23S28

Pettifor A , Walsh J , Wilkins V , Raghunathan P . How effective is syndromic management of STDs? Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27: 37185

World Health Organization. Management of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. WHO/GPA/TEM/94.1 Rev.1. Geneva: World Health Organization/UNAIDS, 1997