Abstract
Neo- and perinatal mortality is high in most of Africa. Twins are at particular risk of perinatal mortality. The contribution of traditional remedies is seldom addressed. The case histories of two sets of twins who were treated with traditional remedies are described. The herbal remedies were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In one family, both siblings survived, albeit with hepatic damage. In the other family, one twin died within 24 h and the second one month after admission with a diagnosis of veno-occlusive liver disease (VOD). In both cases, the presence of the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid retrorsine, which is known to lead to VOD, was identified. Health-care workers should be aware of the possibility of traditional medicine administration as a cause of illness, specifically in twin births.