Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is becoming a significant issue in the healthcare community as well as for the pharmaceutical industry worldwide. A rapid screening technique such as near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy could aid in the search for and identification of counterfeit drugs. In the present paper, five generic vitamin tablets with different active ingredient content, produced by different manufacturers, were used as examples to test NIR spectroscopy for screening counterfeit products. The results showed that qualitative and quantitative NIR models of the generic drugs can be constructed, despite differences in formulation and physical properties of the tablets from the different manufacturers. In the case of the vitamin tablets, there is a high correlation between the spectra and the active ingredient content of the drug formulations. The differences in the active ingredients are significant enough to discriminate the tablets. Combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis further increases the effectiveness of NIR analysis. NIR spectroscopy offers an excellent opportunity for use as a screening technique to detect counterfeit samples.

Keywords

near infrared spectroscopy screening counterfeit drugs qualitative model quantitative model generic drug vitamin tablet

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

http://www.who.int/medicines/services/counterfeit/impact/ImpactF_S/en/.

Green

M.D.

Newton

Fernandez

Wirtz

and Nettey

, “Simple low-cost strategies to rapidly identify counterfeit drugs in developing countries”, in Combating Pharmaceutical Fraud and Counterfeiting, SMI Conference Documentation, London, UK. SMI Publishing, London, UK (2003).

Bassett

Denney

R.C.

Jeffery

G.H.

and Mendham

, Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. Longman Scientific Publishers, London, UK, p. 693 (1978).

Newton

Proux

Green

Smithius

Phu

Rozendaal

Prakongpan

Chotivanich

Mayxay

Noslen

and White

, Lancet 357, 1948 (2001). doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05085-6

Green

M.D.

Mount

D.L.

Wirtz

R.A.

and White

N.J.

, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal, 24, 65 (2000). doi: 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00360-5

http://www.gphf.org/web_en/projekte/minilab/index.htm, 2003.

Jahnke

, “The GPHF-Minilab Project”, in Combating Pharmaceutical Fraud and Counterfeiting, SMI Conference Documentation, London, UK. SMI Publishing, London, UK (2003).

Blanco

Coello

Iturriaga

Maspoch

de la Pezuela

and Russo

, Anal. Chim. Acta 298, 183 (1994). doi: 10.1016/0003-2670(94)00275-4

González

and Pous

, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 10, 419 (1995) doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(95)01333-G

10.

Gemperline

P.J.

Webber

L.D.

and Lox

I.O.

, Anal. Chem. 61, 139 (1989).

11.

Lodder

R.A.

and Hieftje

G.M.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 42, 556 (1988). doi: 10.1366/0003702884429201

12.

Blanco

Coello

Iturriaga

Maspoch

and de la Pezuela

, Talanta 40, 1671 (1993). doi: 10.1016/0039-9140(93)80083-4

13.

Blanco

Coello

Iturriaga

Maspoch

and de la Pezuela

, Analyst 122, 761 (1997). doi: 10.1039/a700630f

14.

Han

S.M.

and Faulkner

P.G.

, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 14, 1691 (1996). doi: 10.1016/0731-7085(96)01814-6

15.

Drennen

J.K.

and Lodder

R.A.

, J. Pharm. Sci. 79, 622 (1990). doi: 10.1002/jps.2600790717

16.

Luypaert

Massart

D.L.

and Vander

Heyden Y.

, Talanta 72, 865 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2006.12.023

17.

Scafi

S.H.F.

and Pasquini

, Analyst 126, 2218 (2001). doi: 10.1039/b106744n

18.

Clarke

F.C.

Hammond

S.V.

Jee

R.D.

and Moffat

A.C.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 56, 1475 (2002). doi: 10.1366/00037020260377797

19.

Scafi

S.H.F.

and Pasquini

, Analyst 126, 2218 (2001). doi: 10.1039/b106744n

20.

Olsen

B.A.

Borer

M.W.

Perry

F.M.

and Forbes

R.A.

, Pharmaceut. Technol. 26, 62 (2002).

21.

The State Pharmacopoeia Commission of The People's Republic of China, Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, People's Republic of China (2005).

22.

Jähnke

R.W.O.

Küsters

and Fleischer

Drug. Inf. J. 35, 941 (2001).

23.

Feng

Y.C.

and Hu

C.Q.

, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41, 373 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.11.027

Rapidly Screening Counterfeit Drugs Using near Infrared Spectroscopy: Combining Qualitative Analysis with Quantitative Analysis to Increase Effectiveness

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References