Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2002-1
Multivariate Classification of Sound and Insect-Infested Seeds of a Tropical Multipurpose Tree,Cordia Africana,with near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to classify insect-infested and sound seeds of a tropical multipurpose tree, Cordia africana Lam. A calibration model derived by partial least squares regression of orthogonal signal corrected spectra resulted in a 100% classification rate. Difference spectrum and partial least squares weight indicated that absorbance differences between insect-infested and sound seeds might have been due to differences in composition of chitin and cuticular lipid components as well as moisture content. The result shows the possibility of using NIR spectroscopy in the seed cleaning process in the future provided that appropriate sorting instruments are developed.
RoweR.SharmaN.P. and BrowderJ., in Managing the World's Forests: Looking for Balance between Conservation and Development, Ed by SharmaN.P.International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, USA, p. 33 (1992).
2.
MalhiY. and GraceJ., Trends in Ecology and Evolution15, 8 (2000).
3.
TaylorC.H., 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK (2000).
4.
BasuR.N., in Seed Quality: Basic Mechanisms and Agricultural Implications, Ed by BasraA.S.Food Products Press, New York, p. 1 (1994).
5.
WagnerM.R.AtuaheneS.K.N. and CobbinahJ.R., Forest Entomology in West Tropical Africa: Forest Insects of Ghana.Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands (1991).
6.
BarbosaP. and WagnerM.R., Introduction to Forest and Shade Tree Insects.Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, California (1989).
7.
El AttaH.A., Forest Ecology and Management57, 169 (1993).
8.
HedlinA.F.YatesH.O.IIITavorD.C.EbelB.H.KoerberT.W. and MerkelE.P., Cone and Seed Insects of North American Conifer.Canadian For. Serv., For. Serv. U.S. Dept. Agric., and Secretaria de Agricultura y Recursos Hidraulicos, Mexico (1981).
9.
JanzenD.H., Ecology53, 2 (1972).
10.
SchmidtL., Guide to Handling of Tropical and Subtropical Forest Seed.Danida Forest Seed Center, Denmark (2000).
SaryH.YameogoC.S. and StubsgaardF.F., Danida Forest Seed Center Technical Note42, 1 (1993).
13.
MazzuferiV.E.CragnoliniC. and ArgelloJ.A., Seed Science and Technology19, 435 (1991).
14.
CremerK.W., Tree for Rural Australia.Inkata Press, Melbourne and Sydney (1990).
15.
SinghP. and BhandariR.S., The Indian Forester114, 12 (1988).
16.
OsborneB.G.FearnT. and HindleP.H., Practical NIR Spectroscopy with Applications in Food and Beverage Analysis.Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, UK (1993).
17.
MuhammadN.O. and Abu-BakarC., J. Tropical Agriculture and Food Science26, 1 (1998).
18.
NorrisK.H. and HartJ.R., Principles and Methods of Measuring Moisture Content in Liquids and Solids4, 19 (1965).
19.
Ben-GeraI. and NorrisK.H., Israel Journal of Agricultural Research18, 125 (1968).
20.
KaysS.E.BartonF.E. and WindhamW.R., J. Near Infrared Spectrosc.8, 1 (2000).
21.
DelwicheS.R., J. Cereal Sci.27, 241 (1998).
22.
SatoT.UezonoI.MorishitaT. and TetsukaT., J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.75, 12 (1998).
23.
VelascoL.SchierholtA. and BeckerH.C., Fett/ Lipid100, 2 (1998).
24.
CampbellM.R.BrummT.J. and GloverD.V., Cereal Chem.74, 3 (1997).
25.
PazdernikD.L.KillamA.S. and OrfJ.H., Agronomy J.89, 679 (1997).
26.
TurzaS.TóthÁ.I., and VáradiM., J. Near Infrared Spectrosc.6, 183 (1998).
27.
KwonY.K. and ChoR.K., J. Near Infrared Spectrosc.6, A67 (1998).
28.
DelwicheS.R. and MassieD.R., Cereal Chem.73, 3 (1996).
29.
BakerJ.E.DowellF.E. and ThroneJ.E., Biological Control16, 88 (1999).
30.
DowellF.E.ThroneJ.E. and BakerJ.E., J. Econ. Entomology92, 1 (1999).
31.
DowellF.E.ThroneJ.E. and BakerJ.E., J. Econ. Entomology91, 4 (1998).
32.
RidgwayC. and ChambersJ., J. Near Infrared Spectroscopy.7, 4 (1999).
33.
RidgwayC. and ChambersJ., J. Sci. Food Agri.71, 251 (1996).
34.
GhaedianA.R. and WehlingR.L., J. AOAC International.80, 5 (1997).
35.
FriisI., Forests and Forest Trees of North East tropical Africa. Kew Bulletin additional series XV (1992).
36.
BekeleA.BirnieA. and TengnäsB., Useful Trees and Shrubs for Ethiopia.Sida's Regional Soil Conservation Unit, Nairobi, Kenya (1993).
37.
FichtlR. and AdiA., Honeybee Flora of Ethiopia.Margraf Verlag, Weikersheim, Germany (1994).
38.
GeladiP.MacDougallD. and MartensH., Appl. Spectrosc.39, 3 (1985).
39.
WoldS.AntiiH.LindgrenF. and ÖhmanJ., Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst.44, 175 (1998).
40.
MartensH. and NæsT., Multivariate Calibration.John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, UK (1989).
41.
Anonymous, SIMCA-P 8.0 User Guide and Tutorial.Umetrics AB, Umeå, Sweden (1999).
42.
ErikssonL.JohanssonE.WoldN.K. and WoldS., Introduction to Multi- and Megavariate Data Analysis Using Projection Methods (PCA & PLS).Umetrics AB, Umeå, Sweden (1999).
43.
ShenkJ.S.WorkmanJ.J.Jr and WesterhausM.O., in Handbook of Near-Infrared Analysis, Ed by BurnsD.A. and CiurczakE.W.Marcel Dekker, New York, p. 383 (1992).
44.
MurrayI. and WilliamsP.C., in Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries, Ed by WilliamsP.C. and NorrisK.H.American Association of Cereal Chemists, St Paul, Minnesota, USA, p. 17 (1987).
