Abstract
New legislation following the Piper Alpha disaster has highlighted the unsatisfactory state of programmable equipment system (PES)-based emergency shutdown (ESD) systems for offshore installations. As in the nuclear generation industry, concern is being expressed for the quality of software, particularly project-specific or application software for these systems. The defence-in-depth approach adopted by the nuclear industry is impracticable for the offshore industry and new techniques for design and implementation of the project-specific software of ESD systems are urgently required.
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