Tests to failure have been carried out on six smooth pipe bends constructed by hand lay-up from polyester resin and glass in the form of chopped strand mat. The failure loads under out-of-plane bending only are compared with those where this type of loading is combined with internal pressure. The results are discussed in relation to the design procedure adopted in BS 7159: 1989.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
MylerP.KitchingR.GRP pipe bend subjected to out-of-plane flexure with and without pressure. J. Strain Analysis, 1988, 23(4), 187–199.
2.
KitchingR.MylerP.TanA. L.Design of GRP pipe bend in relation to internal pressure tests to destruction. Proceedings of Joint UMIST, IChemE, IMechE Symposium on GRP vessels and pipework for the chemical and process industries, 1983, paper 6, p. 89 (Mechanical Engineering Publications, London).
3.
BeveridgeD. G.CarmichaelG. D. T.Users guide to MITRE, a stress analysis program for mitred bends. CEGB report RB/BN4196, 1977.
4.
MylerP.Glass reinforced plastic pipe bends under a variety of loads. PhD thesis, University of Manchester, 1985.
5.
MylerP.KitchingR.Fractures of GRP pipe bends under a variety of loads. Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Plastic pipes, 1988, paper 38, pp. 38/1–38/10 (Plastics and Rubber Institute).
6.
OwenM. J.Biaxial failure of GRP—mechanisms, modes and theories. J. Composite Structs, 1984, 2, 21–39 (Applied Science Publishers).
7.
NorrisC. B.McKinnonP. F.Compression, tension and shear tests on yellow-poplar plywood panels of sizes that do not buckle with tests made at various angles to the face grain. US Forest Products laboratory report 1328, 1946.
8.
BS 7159: 1989British standard code of practice for design and construction of glass reinforced plastics (GRP) piping systems for individual plants and sites (British Standards Institution, London).
9.
Specification B220: B for the flexibility and stress analysis of GRP and PVC/GRP pipework including the effects of supports and internal pressure, 1980 (ICI Limited, NW Regional Materials Group).
10.
BS 806: 1986Specification for ferrous pipe and piping installations for and in connection with land boilers (British Standards Institution, London).
