In this paper some ten years of work in bioengineering is described. The central theme is non-invasive diagnosis and prophylaxis. This theme is exemplified in several interrelated sections of work which are described. The work is categorized into: modest beginnings, hip and knee vibration papers, deep venous thrombosis and cavitation in human joints. The philosophy is straightforward—to benefit patients by making harmless measurement.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
WaughW.John Charnley: the man and the hip, 1990 (Springer-Verlag).
2.
Abstracts. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, 1989, 203(H2), 119–121.
3.
Abstracts. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part H, 1989, 203(H3), 173–176.
4.
KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.McCullaghG. C.ThompsonD. G.Capture and analysis of joint vibration. Proceedings of Second Annual Conference T. U. B. E. S., Polytechnic Innovation and Resource Centre, Jordanstown, 1982, pp. 67–74.
5.
CowieG. H.BoguesB. A.MollanR. A. B.KernohanW. G.Development of a non-invasive method of neonatal screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. Proceedings of Second Annual Conference T. U. B. E. S., Polytechnic Innovation and Resource Centre, Jordanstown, 1982, pp. 13–24.
6.
KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Microcomputer analysis of joint vibration. J. Microcomput. Applic., 1982, 5, 287–296.
7.
MollanR. A. B.KernohanW. G.McCullaghG. C.WilsonR. I.Diagnostic vibrations. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1983, 65B, 222.
8.
KernohanW. G.Analysis of human joint vibration emission. PhD thesis, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1983, 326 pp.
9.
MollanR. A. B.KernohanW. G.WattersP. H.Artefact encountered by the vibration detection system. J. Biomechanics, 1983, 16, 193–199.
10.
KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Processing of sound signals in orthopaedic surgery. In Proceedings of Second EuSiPCo. (Ed. SchusslerH. W.), 1983, pp. 581–584 (Elsevier Science, Amsterdam).
11.
KernohanW. G.BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F. M.ShawS. N.WallaceR. G. H.McCullaghG. C.MollanR. A. B.The diagnostic potential of vibration arthrography. Clin. Orthop., 1986, 210, 106–112.
12.
KernohanW. G.BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F. M.HamiltonA.WatsonP.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrometry: A preview. Acta Orthop. Scand., 1990, 61(1), 470–79.
13.
WatsonP.HamiltonA.MollanR. A. B.Habitual joint cracking and radiological damage. Br. Med. J., 1989, 299, 1566.
14.
WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.The effect of cavitation on adult infant and bovine articular cartilage: A quantitative study. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1989, 203(H3), 176.
15.
CowieG. H.MollanR. A. B.KernohanW. G.BoguesB. A.Vibration emission in detecting congenital dislocation of the hip. Orthop. Rev., 1984, 13, 30–35.
16.
OrtolaniM.Un segno poco noto e sua importanza per la diagnosi precoce di prelussazione congenita dell'anca. Pediatria, 1937, 45, 129–136.
17.
BarlowT. G.Early diagnosis and treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1962, 44B, 292–301.
18.
CowieG. H.BoguesB. A.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.A new aid in the diagnosis of congenital dislocation of the hip. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1983, 65B, 656; also J. Bone Jt Surg., 1984, 66B, 281.
19.
ShawS. N.KernohanW. G.BoguesB. A.MollanR. A. B.An apple-based screening aid for congenital dislocation of the hip. In Procedures of medical microcomputer applications, 1985, pp. 23–24 (University Press, Liverpool).
20.
ShawS. N.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.The development of a screening aid for congenital dislocation of the hip. In Technology in health care (Ed. ByfordG. H.), 1985, pp. 107–108 (Biological Engineering Society, London).
21.
KernohanW. G.CowieG. H.PattersonC. C.MollanR. A. B.Discriminating between innocent clicks and clunks due to dislocation of the neonatal hip. In SIROT 87, 1987 (Societe Internationale de Recherche Orthopedique et de Traumatologie, Munich).
22.
KernohanW. G.CowieG. H.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrometry in congenital dislocation of the hip. Clin. Orthop., 1991, 272, 167–174.
23.
KernohanW. G.TrainorB. P.MollanR. A. B.NormandC. E. M.Cost-Benefit appraisal of screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. J. Management in Medicine, 1990, 4230–235.
24.
KernohanW. G.PattersonC. C.MollanR. A. B.Discriminant analysis applied to orthopaedics. In Statistics in medicine (Eds DunstanF.PicklesJ.), 1991, pp. 181–197 (Clarendon Press, Oxford).
25.
KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Is this a healthy joint? In ILIAM-6 (Ed. DoneganH. A.), 1989, pp. 115–126 (University of Ulster, Coleraine).
26.
ShanaghanM. E. P.KernohanW. G.DoneganH. A.MollanR. A. B.The evaluation of head shape. APSM Bull. (Dublin), 1986, 6, 8.
27.
KernohanW. G.McCoyG. F. M.MollanR. A. B.Methods of source location of clicks from a torn cartilage. In Proceedings of Nordic Meeting, 1984, D17 (Biological Engineering Society, London).
28.
KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.McCullaghG. C.ThompsonD. G.Locating the source of ‘clicks’ from clicky joints. APSM Bull. (Dublin), 1984, 4, 17.
29.
MollanR. A. B.McCoyG. F.KernohanW. G.McCreaJ. D.ShawS.Vibration arthrography in the diagnosis of internal diseases of the knee. In Procedures of Third Meeting, 1984, p. 37 (Societe Internationale de Recherche en Orthopedie et Traumatologie, London).
30.
McCreaJ. D.McCoyG. F. M.KernohanW. G.McClellandC. J.MollanR. A. B.Moderne tendenzen in der phonoarthrographie (Modern trends in phonoarthrography). Z. Orthop., 1985, 123, 13–17.
31.
NicholA. C.A new flexible electrogoniometer with widespread applications. In Biomechanics XB (Ed. JonssonB.), 1987, pp. 1029–1033 (Human Kinetics Publishers Inc., Ill.).
32.
McCreaJ. D.McCoyG. F. M.KernohanW. G.McClellandC. J.MollanR. A. B.Vibrationsarthrographie in der diagnostik von kniegelenkskrankheiten (Vibration arthrography in the diagnosis of internal disease of the knee). Z. Orthop., 1985, 123, 18–22.
33.
McCoyG. F. M.McCreaJ. D.BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.ShawS. N.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrography in the diagnosis of diseases of the knee. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1985, 67B, 844.
34.
McCoyG. F. M.BeverlandD. E.ShawS. N.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrography in knee joint diagnosis. In Recent developments in orthopaedic surgery (Eds NobleJ.GalaskoC. S. B.), 1987, pp. 290–297 (University Press, Manchester).
35.
McCoyG. F. M.McCreaJ. D.BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrography as a diagnostic aid in knee joint diseases—a preliminary report. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1987, 69B, 288–293.
36.
McCoyG. F. M.BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Die meniskussignale in der Vibrationsartrographie (Meniscus signals in vibration arthrography). Z. Orthop., 1987, 125, 275–279.
37.
McCoyG. F. M.PattersonC. C.BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrography in acute knee injury. In Biomechanics in sport, 1988, pp. 45–50 (Mechanical Engineering Publications, London).
38.
KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Four channel analogue to digital conversion for analysis of knee ‘clicks’. Physica Medica, 1990, 6(1), 21–24.
39.
KernohanW. G.BarrD. A.McCoyG. F.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrometry in assessment of knee disorders—the problem of angular velocity. J. Biomed. Engng, 1991, 13, 35–38.
40.
BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F. M.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.What is patellofemoral crepitus?J. Bone Jt Surg., 1986, 68B, 496.
41.
KernohanW. G.BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F.MollanR. A. B.Modelling human knee vibrations. In Orthopaedic electronic instrumentation, 1984, p. 3 (Hospital Physicists' Association, Derby).
42.
BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Self induced vibrations in normal knees. APSM Bull., Dublin, 1985, 5, 29.
43.
BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.McCoyG. F. M.MollanR. A. B.What is physiological patellofemoral crepitus?Med. Biol. Engng Comput., 1985, 23(Sii), 1249–1250.
44.
BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Parameters of physiological patellofemoral crepitus. In Technology in health care (Ed. ByfordG. H.), 1985, pp. 137–138 (Biological Engineering Society, London).
45.
BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.ShawS. N.MollanR. A. B.Problems in the analysis of vibration emission from the patellofemoral joint. Med. Biol. Engng Comput., 1985, 23(Sii), 1253–1254.
46.
BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Analysis of physiological patellofemoral crepitus. In Technology in health care (Ed. ByfordG. H.), 1985, pp. 31–32 (Biological Engineering Society, London).
47.
BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F. M.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Biomechanical significance of vibration arthrography of the patella. In Proceedings of Eighth Annual Conference of Engineering Medical Biological Society (Eds KondraskeG. V.RobinsonC. J.), 1986, 3, 1549–1550 (IEEE, New York).
48.
KernohanW. G.BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F.MollanR. A. B.Oscillatory movement of the human patella: Description and explanation. In Measurement in clinical medicine. 1986, pp. 297–301 (The Institute of Measurement and Control, London).
49.
BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Using patellar vibration to test articular cartilage. In Proceedings of Eighth Annual Conference of Engineering Medical Biological Society (Eds KondraskeG. V.RobinsonC. J.), 1986, Vol. 3, pp. 1547–1548 (IEEE, New York).
50.
BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.McCoyG. F.MollanR. A. B.What can we learn from feeling a patella?Irish Orthop. J., 1987, 3, 33–34.
51.
BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrography in Ulster. Irish Orthop. J., 1987, 3, 10–16.
52.
BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Is it possible to examine articular cartilage non-invasively?APSM Bull. (Dublin), 1986, 6, 9.
53.
BeverlandD. E.McCoyG. F. M.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Vibration arthrography of the knee joint. In SICOT 87 Abstracts, 1987, paper 269, p. 430 (Demeter Verlag, Grafelfing).
54.
HamiltonA.WatsonP.AgahiA.BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.An investigation of physiological patella-femoral crepitus. In SIROT 87, 1987 (Societe Internationale de Recherche Orthopedique et de Traumatologie, Munich).
55.
HamiltonA.WatsonP.AgahiA.BeverlandD. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.The development of a kinematic knee screener. Engng in Medicine, 1988, 17(2), 84–85.
56.
HamiltonA.HarsonA. H.WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.A study in the control of vibration arthrography. Irish Orthop. J., 1989, 5, 17.
57.
HamiltonA.BarrA.HarsonA. H.WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.The measurement of normal knee crepitus using a vibration arthrograph. In SIROT 89, 1989, p. 16 (Abstracts, Lund).
58.
BarrD. A.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Skin movement during vibration arthrometry (A communication on Smeathers, J. E., Transient vibrations caused by heel strike, Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1989, 203(H1), 181–186), 1990, 204, 135–137.
59.
BarrD. A.MaginnP.MulvennaG.HamiltonA.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Frequency analysis of knee vibrations: an in-vivo study of articular cartilage. In Proceedings of International Association of Science and Technology for Development—IASTED—Meeting on Signal processing and digital filtering, Lugano, Switzerland, 18–21 June 1990.
60.
BarrD. A.HamiltonA.MaginnP.WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Assessment of the patellofemoral articulation by vibration arthrometry. In European biomechanics (Eds OdgaardA.Kjérsgaard-AndersenP.SejbjergJ. O.), 1990, p. 24 (University of Aarhus).
61.
AndersonF. A.PeuraR. A.PennyB. C.WheelerH. B.HoffmanA. H.The calibration of electrical impedance plethysmography for venous volume measurements. Twenty-seventh Annual Conference on Engineering in medicine and biology (Abstracts) 32.8, 1974, p. 285 (Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology), Philadelphia, Pa.
62.
WardP. E.BradleyF. B.BrownJ. G.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Detection of obstructions in venous blood flow following total hip replacement. J. Bone Jt Surg., 1987, 69B, 498.
BrownJ. G.KernohanW. G.WardP. E.MollanR. A. B.The detection of deep venous thrombosis during hip surgery. Engng in Medicine, 198817, 82.
65.
WardP. E.BradleyF. B.BrownJ. G.KernohanW. G.McGivernR. C.MollanR. A. B.Impedance plethysmography: A noninvasive screening method to detect deep-vein thrombosis. Clin. Orthop., 1989, 248, 195–199.
66.
WardP. E.KernohanW. G.BradleyF. B.BrownJ. G.PattersonC. C.MollanR. A. B.Risk factor analysis in early detection of blood clots in orthopaedic patients. Proceedings of Institute of Mathematical Applications Conference on Applied statistical medicine, Cardiff, 1988.
67.
KernohanW. G.WardP. E.BradleyF. B.BrownJ. G.PattersonC. C.MollanR. A. B.Risk factor analysis in early detection of blood clots in orthopaedic patients. In Applications of statistics in medicine (Eds PicklesJ.DunstanS.), 1991, pp. 219–234 (University Press, Oxford).
68.
AgahiA.WardP. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Detection of obstructions in blood flow. Proceedings of Medical Microcomputer Applications, 1985, pp. 45–46 (University of Liverpool).
69.
AgahiA.WardP. E.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Detection of obstructions in venous blood flow. In Technology in health care (Ed. ByfordG. H.), 1985, pp. 23–24 (Biological Engineering Society, London).
70.
McGivernR. C.LaverickM. D.BirkmyreJ. S.KernohanW. G.Computer aided screening for deep venous thrombosis. Automedica, 1991, 13, 239–244.
71.
McGivernR. C.LaverickM. D.BirkmyreJ. S.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Non-invasive screening for deep vein thrombosis: A computer aided approach. In Computing across the university curriculum (Eds GardnerJ.McBrideF.), 1990, pp. 18.1–18.4 (CTISS Publications, Oxford).
72.
MollanR. A. B.McNallyM.Cost benefits of DVT prophylaxis. In Venous thromboembolism—progress in prophylaxis (Ed. LoweG. D. O.), Symposium series 1991, pp. 17–20 (Oxford University Press).
73.
WardP. E.BrownJ. G.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Muscle stimulation for the prevention of venous stasis during surgery. Proceedings of Bioengineering Unit, Twenty-fifth Anniversary Meeting, University of Strathclyde, 1988, p. 93.
74.
WardP. E.BrownJ. G.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.Muscle stimulation for the prevention of venous stasis during surgery. In Progress in bioengineering (Eds PaulJ. P.), 1989, pp. 253–255 (Adam Hilger, Bristol).
75.
WallaceR. G. H.MollanR. A. B.KernohanW. G.Preliminary report on new technique to aid diagnosis of some disorders found in hands. Hand, 1985, 10B, 269–272.
76.
WallaceR. G. H.A comparative study of human vibration emission in normal and rheumatoid hands. MChOrth thesis, University of Liverpool, 1984, 84 pp.
77.
WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.A study of the cracking sounds from the metacarpophalangeal joint. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1989, 203(H2), 109–118.
WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.The effect of ultrasonically induced cavitation on articular cartilage. Clin. Orthop. Related Res., 1989, 245, 288–296.
80.
WatsonP.KernohanW. G.CarrK. E.St. GilmoreR. C.MollanR. A. B.The effect of cavitation on adult infant and bovine articular cartilage: a quantitative study. Proceedings of Societe Internationale de Recherche en Orthopedie et Traumatologie, Intermediate Meeting, Lund, Sweden, 1989, p. 58.
81.
WatsonP.KernohanW. G.MollanR. A. B.CarrK. E.GilmoreR. St. C.The effect of cavitation on adult infant and bovine articular cartilage: a quantitative study. Proceedings of Seventh Meeting of European Society of Biomechanics, Aarhus, Denmark, 1990, p. 12.
82.
GillP. J.KernohanW. G.MawhinneyI. N.MollanR. A. B.McllhaggerR.Investigation of the mechanical properties of bone using ultrasound. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, 1989, 203(H1), 61–63.
83.
KernohanW. G.McGivernR. C.MollanR. A. B.BellT. K.Technology and orthopaedics. Irish Orthop. J., 1990, 6, 28–32.
84.
TurneyJ.End of the peer show?New Scientist, 22nd September 1990, pp. 38–42.
85.
ShamosM. H.MurphyG. M.Recent advances in science, 1956 (Interscience, New York).
