Oblique machining tests are described which were made to determine how the cutting which occurs at the end (secondary) cutting edge in bar turning affects the direction of chip flow and the cutting forces. Normally in developing a predictive machining theory only the cutting action at the side (main) cutting edge is considered, with no account taken of the contribution of the end cutting edge. By introducing the concept of an equivalent cutting edge which in essence combines both the side and end cutting edges it is shown how the influence of the latter can be accounted for in predicting cutting forces.
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