Abstract
The factors affecting the flow rate distribution in boiler downcomer cages are discussed and data on entry loss coefficients for downcomer offtakes presented. A rapidly converging computational technique has been devised for the calculation of the flow distributions in downcomer cages which has wider application in the field of pipe networks. The predictions of the network computations have been tested against plant data and found to be in good agreement.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Crow
I. G.
‘Longitudinal water level variations in the drums of high pressure circulation boilers’ . To be published.
2.
Gardner
G. C.
Crow
I. G.
Neller
P. B.
‘Carry-under performance of drums in high pressure circulation boilers’ , Proc. Instn mech. Engrs
1973
187 , 207 –14 .
3.
Gardner
G. C.
Crow
I. G.
‘Onset of drawdown of supernatant fluid in surge tanks’ , Chem. Engng Sci.
1971
26 , 211 –19 .
4.
Hardy-Cross
, ‘Analysis of flow in network of conduits or conductors’ , Univ. Ill. Bull.
286 , 1936 .
5.
Moody
L. F.
‘Friction factors for pipe flow’ , Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs
1944
66 , 671 –84 .
6.
Tucker
A. C. N.
‘Pressure losses and erosion in condenser tube inlets’ , Proc. Instn mech. Engrs
1967–68
182 (Pt 3D), 108 –14 .
7.
Crow
D. A.
Wharton
R.
‘A review of literature on the division and combination of flow in closed conduits’ , Bull. Br. Hydromech. Res. Ass.
1968 , TN 937.
8.
Miller
D. S.
‘Internal flow, a guide to losses in pipe and duct systems’ , Bull. Br. Hydromech. Res. Ass.
1971 .
9.
McNown
J. S.
‘Mechanics of manifold flow’ , Trans. Am. Soc. civ. Engrs
1954
119 , 1103 –48 .
10.
Zenz
F. A.
‘Minimize manifold pressure drop’ , Hydrocarb. Process. Petrol. Refin.
1962
41 , 125 –30 .
11.
Endres
W.
‘Calculating the discharges of pipe systems’ , Verfahrenstechnik
1970
4 , 342 –6 .
12.
Barlow
J. F.
Markland
E.
‘Computer analysis of pipe networks’ , Proc. Instn civ. Engrs
1969
43 , 249 –59 .
13.
Lemieux
P. F.
‘Efficient algorithm for distribution networks’ , Proc. Am. Soc. civ. Engrs
1972
98 , 1911 –20 .
14.
Powell
M. J. D.
‘A Fortran subroutine for solving systems of non-linear algebraic equations’ , U.K.A.E.A. Research Group Report AERE-R5946, 1968 .
15.
Horrocks
J. K.
C.E.R.L. 1972 Private communication.
16.
Verbaan
B.
‘Flow and pressure distributions for turbulent flow through dividing or combining manifolds’ , M.Sc. Thesis, Univ. of Witwatersrand
1971 .
17.‘Pressure losses in three-leg pipe junctions: dividing flows’ , Engineering Sciences Data Item No. 73022, 1973 .
18.‘Pressure losses in three-leg pipe junctions: combining flows’ , Engineering Sciences Data Item No. 73023, 1973 .
