The results of several experimental programmes defining the various mechanisms of importance in determining the carry-under of steam in boiler drums are described. One programme examined the performance of cyclones and the natural separation of steam in the water pool in a full-size section of drum by employing Freon 12 liquid and vapour as the working fluids. Another programme studied the drawdown of the main liquid-vapour interface into the downcomers in a fifth-scale cold water model and theoretically described the critical conditions. Also discussed is a programme concerning heat transfer by the subcooled feed.
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