Surface profiles are evaluated for their roughness with reference to a line that takes the shape of the waviness present. Such reference lines are taken either mechanically or electrically by the measuring instruments themselves. For a graphical construction of the reference line, a geometrical procedure is recommended in the standards. These reference lines, which are obtained either mechanically, electrically or geometrically, are analysed to find how far they represent the waviness present and their ability to separate it. Theoretical and practical results are compared.
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