Report of the Hardness Tests Research Committee

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Keep W. J. : “Phosphorus in Cast-Iron.” Id., page 458.

Keep W. J. : “Aluminum and other Metals compared.” Id., page 798.

Keep W. J. : “Aluminum in Wrought-Iron and Steel Castings.” Id., page 835.

Keep W. J. : “Silicon in Cast-Iron.” Id., t. XVII, page 683.

Keep W. J. : “Manganese in Cast-Iron.” Id., t. XX. page 291.

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Kick F. : “Ueber Härtebestimmungen.” Ib., t. XLIII, page 59, année 1891.

Kick F. : “Der Tragmodul ist kein Mass der Härte.” Dingler's Polytechnisches Journal, t. CCLXXXI, page 292, 25 septembre 1891.

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Kirsch B. : “Ueber die Messung der Härte durch die Elasticitätsgrenze.” Ib., p. 267, Heft 9–10, 1891.

Kobel Von F. : “Geschichte der Mineralogie von 1650 bis 1860.” München, Cotta, 1864. D'après Hugueny.

Laboulaye : “Dictionnaire des Arts et Manufactures,” 5^e éd., Paris, Masson, 1891, Article Dureté.

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Pfaff : “Versuche die absolute Härte der Mineralien zu bestimmem.” Id., page 5.

Pfaff : “Untersuchungen über die absolute Härte des Kalkspathes und Gypses und Das Wesen der Härte.” Id., page 7.

de Lisle Romé : “Cristallographie (Paris, 1783), et Des caractères extérieurs des minéraux.” Paris, Didot, 1784. D'après Hugueny.

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Turner Th. : “The Hardness of Metals.” Proceedings of the Birmingham Philosophical Society, 2^e série, t. V, année 1887.

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Osmond F. : “Sur les essais par pénétration statique et par striage.” Report. Commission des Méthodes d'essai. Paris, 1893.

American Machinist: “Testing Metals for Hardness” (A. Föppl in “Centralblatt für Bauverwaltung.” From Iron and Coal Trades Review. A method of ascertaining the hardness) 17 Sept. 1896.

Unwin W. C. : “A New Indentation Test for determining the Hardness of Metals” (reviews the methods previously used and describes the Author's method). Serial, 1st part. Practical Engineer, 29 Oct. 1897.

Jagger T. A. Jr. : “A Microsclerometer for determining the Hardness of Minerals.” Amer. Jour. of Science, Vol. IV, Dec. 1897, page 399.

Keep W. J. : “Hardness, or the Workability of Metals” (describes the machine constructed for testing, with tabulated results). Trans. A.S.M.E., Dec. 1900.

Benedicks Carl : “Giebt is… eine Regel… über die Härte die Metalle und Legierungen?” Zeit. f. physik. Chemie 1901, XXXVI, p. 529.

Wahlberg Axel : “Brinell's Method of determining Hardness.” Journal, Iron and Steel Institute, 1901, Vol. I, pp. 243–298; Vol. II, pp. 234–271.

Stahl Eisen : “Brinell's Verfahren zur Härtebestimmung” (a discussion of the method of determining the hardness of steel by the area of the depression produced by a hardened steel ball under pressure in the testing machine). 15 April and 1 May 1901.

“Brinell's Method for determining the Hardness and other Properties of Iron and Steel” (abstract of a Paper read before the Glasgow Congress. Considers the influence of chemical composition of freezing temperatures, of notches in the specimens, and of treatment). Iron and Coal Trades Review, 6 Sept. 1901.

Revue Technique: “Méthode de M. Brinell pour la détermination de la dureté des corps” (a discussion of the report of Axel Wahlberg upon Brinell's Method). 10 June 1902.

Ludwik P. : “Hardness Tests,” Official Report. Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1901, II–1.

Gessner Aug : “The Cone-Pressure Test for Determining the Hardness of Permanent Way Materials.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1901, II–3.

Ohnstein Albert : “Die Kugeldruck Prüfung” (describes an improved apparatus for applying the Huber modification of Brinell's test). Stahl und Eisen, 1 April 1904.

Guillery M. : “Une Nouvelle Méthode d'Essais Mécaniques des Métaux” (the hardness is determined by Brinell's method). Revue de Métallurgie, Bulletin de la Société d'Encouragement,” Aug. 1904.

Engineer: “Indentation Tests of Steel” (describes M. Guillery's apparatus). 28 Oct. 1904.

Engineering: “The Guillery Hardness-Testing Apparatus” (describes three pieces of apparatus for testing hardness, elastic limit, and brittleness). 12 January 1906.

Brinell J. A. : “Researches on the Comparative Hardness of Acid and Basic Open-Hearth Steel at various Temperatures, by means of ‘Ball-Testing’ ” (brief report of tests, stating results). Iron and Steel Mag., Jan. 1905.

American Machinist: “Apparatus for Determining Hardness by the Brinell Ball Test.” 1906. Vol. 29, No. 29.

Stead J. E. Greville-Jones T. : “Brinell's Method for Testing the Hardness of Metals. Iron and Coal Trades Review, 12 April 1907.

Ballentine W. J. : “Testing Hardness of Metals and Materials” (describes a process making use of a new form of impact-testing instrument which is simple in construction). American Machinist, 1907, Vol. 30, No. 20.

Meyer Eugen : “Die Berechnung der Durchbiegung von Stäben deren Material dem Hookeschen Gesetze nicht folgt.” Physikalische Zeitschrift, 8 Jarhgang 1907, No. 22, S. 827–831.

“Untersuchungen über Härteprüfung und Härte” (Brinell Method). Zeit. des Ver. deut. Ing., serial, 1st part. 25 April 1908.

Shore A. F. : “The Shore Scleroscope” (pamphlet with history, etc., of this instrument). New York, Feb. 1908. See also American Machinist, Vol. 30, 1907, London edition, p. 845.

Iron Age: “The Schuchardt and Schütte Steel Hardness Tester.” 9 April 1908.

Revillon Louis : “Application de l'Essai de Brinell auz Aciers speciaux” (specially small pieces). Revue de Métallurgie, May 1908.

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Springer J. F. : “The Shore Scleroscope.” Iron Age, 27 Aug. 1908.

“Instrument for Testing Hardness” (the scleroscope). Railway and Loco. Engg., Sept. 1908.

“Methods of Testing Materials for Hardness” (compares ball, electric, and drop methods). Cassier's Magazine, Sept. 1908.

Machinery: The Brinell Method of Testing the Hardness of Metals.” New York, Sept. 1908.

Kürth A. : “Evaluation de la Dureté par la Méthode de la Bille considérée comme Mesure de la Résistance à la Rupture.” Revue de Mécanique, Sept. 1908.

Martens A. Heyn E. : “Vorrichtung zur vereinfachten Prüfung der Kugel druckhärte und die damit erzielten Ergebnisse.” Zeit. des Ver. deut. Ing., 24 Oct. 1908.

“Dispositif pour un Essai simplifié de Dureté à la Bille et Résultats obtenus” (translated from the Zeit. des Ver. deut. Ing., 24 Oct. 1908). Revue de Metallurgie, Jan. 1909.

“Simplified Ball-Hardness Testing Machines and Results obtained therewith.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1909, II–2.

Kurth Alfred : “Die Kugeldruckhärte als Mass der Zerreissfestigkeit.” Zeit. des Ver. deut. Ing., 3 Oct. 1908.

Journal, Franklin Institute: “Ballentine's Process of Testing the Hardness and Density of Metals.” Dec. 1908.

Grenet L. : “Essai de Dureté Brinell par Méthode comparative.” Revue de Métallurgie, Dec. 1908.

Shore A. F. : “The Analysis of Steel by Mechanical Means” (the scleroscope). American Machinist, 1908, Vol. 32, No. 25.

Knight W. A. : “A Metal Dynamograph and Results.” American Machinist, 1908, Vol. 32, No. 34.

American Machinist: “The Scleroscope in Automobile Work.” 1908, Vol. 32, No. 49, serial, 1st part.

American Machinist: “Amsler Hardness Testing Machine and Cone Attachment.” 1908, Vol. 33, No. 15.

Fay T. J. : “Principles of the Scleroscope for Measuring Hardness.” Automobile, 4 March 1909.

Robin Félix : “La Dureté des Métaux sa Mesure à Chaud et à Froid.” “Memoires de la Société des Ingénieurs Civils de France. April 1909.

Turner Thomas : “Notes on tests for Hardness.” Journal, Iron and Steel Institute, 1909, Vol. 1, p. 426.

“Notes on Tests for Hardness” (read before the Iron and Steel Institute. Compares four typical methods of measuring hardness, showing further research is required before agreement in principle can be reached) Iron and Coal Trades Review, 14 May 1909.

Shore A. F. : “Influence of the Scleroscope in Metallurgy and Manufacturing.” Machinery, New York, Aug. 1909.

L'Ingegnieria Ferroviaria (Rome): “La Durezza dei Metalli e relative Metodi di Prova” (discussion of various methods of measuring hardness). 1 Sept. 1909.

Koch Wolfgang : “Härtebestimmung” (Heroult-Shore Scleroscope), Zeit. für Werkzeugmaschinen und Werkzeuge. 5 Sept. 1909.

Benedicks Carl : Öber die Härte und den electrischen Leitungswiderstand der festen Metallösungen.” Zeit. f. anorg. Chemie, Bd. 61, 1909, pp. 181–186.

Moore Harold : “Investigations on the Brinell Method of Determining Hardness.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1909, II–4.

Parsons A. L. : “A New Sclerometer” (an instrument in which the force necessary to make a scratch is measuring by a spring and not by weights). American Journal of Science, Feb. 1910.

L'Ingegnieria Ferroviaria: “Impiego delle Prove di Durezza nei Collandi dei Prodotti siderurgici” (investigation by the Italian State Railways). 16 June 1910.

Mather Richard : “The Hardness Testing of Cast Iron” (read before the British Foundrymen's Association). Mechanical Engineer, 12 August 1910.

Roush G. A. : “Hardness Tests on Alloys of Nickel and Copper with Electrolytic Iron.” Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, serial, 1st part, Aug. 1910.

“Hardness and its Measurement.” Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Oct. 1910.

Reichelt A. : “Der Heutige Stand der Härteprüfung.” Giesserei Zeitung, 1 Aug. 1910.

Schneider J. J. : “Die Kugelfallprobe.” Zeit. des Ver. deut. Ing., 24 Sept. 1910.

Greaves R. H. : “The Physical interpretation of Hardness as measured by the Shore Scleroscope.” Proc. Inst. C.E., 1910, Vol. CLXXXI, part iii.

Shore A. F. : “The Scleroscope.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1910, page 490.

Robin F. : “Usure des Aciers aux Abrasifs.” Revue de Métallurgie, Jan. 1911.

Smith C. A. M. : “Hardness Tests.” Practical Engineer, serial, 1st part, 25 Aug. 1911.

Devries Ralph P. : “A Comparison of Five Methods of Hardness Measurements.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1911, page 709.

“Hardness in Its Relations to Other Physical Properties.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1911, page 726.

“Methods of Hardness Measurement” (read before the American Society for Testing Materials). American Machinist, 5 Oct. 1911.

Stoughton Bradley Macgregor J. S. : “Hardness Tests.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1911, page 707.

Shore A. F. : “The Property of Hardness in Metals and Materials.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1911, page 733.

Bullens Denison K. : “The Brinell Test for Automobile Steel” (showing that hardness as so determined gives no dependable measure of strength or other properties). Iron Age, 4 Jan. 1912.

Guillery R. : “Étude sur les nouvelles Mécaniques des métaux” (Brinell tests). Memoires de la Société des Ingénieurs Civils de France, March 1912.

“On the Tests of Hardness, Elastic Limit and Resilience.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1912, 1st Sec., III–5.

Saniter E. H. : “Hardness Testing and Resistance to Mechanical “Wear.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1912, 1st Sec., III–1.

Grard C. : “Research on the Hardness of Steel.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1912, 1st Sec., III–2.

Portevin A. Nusbaumer E. : “Note on Wear of Bronzes.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1912, 1st Sec., III–4.

Robin Felix : “Abrasion Tests of Steels.” Inter. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1912, 1st Sec., III–6.

Schwartz Bruno : “Rechnerische Ermittlung der Härte nach Hertz und Versuche über die praktische Verbendbarkeit der Ergebnisse.” Glaser's Annalen, 1 Sept. 1913.

Kühnel R. Schulz E. H. : “Härteprüfer” (reviews five methods). Giesserei Zeitung, 1 Jan. 1914.

The Engineer: “Hardness Testing.” (Martens tester.) 13 March 1914.

Kelley E. J. : “Methods of Determining Hardness.” Iron Trade Review (Cleveland, Ohio), 16 July 1914.

Shore A. F. : “What is Hardness?” Engineering, 17 July 1914.

Skillman V. : “Brinell Hardness Testing of Non-Ferrous Alloys.” Trans., Am. Inst. of Metals, 1914.

Heathcote H. L. : “An Improved Sclerometer.” Journal, Iron and Steel Institute, 1914, Vol. I, p. 363.

Thomas J. J. : “Hardness Tests,” “Relation Between Ball Test and Scleroscope Reading.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 1914, page 72.

Portevin A. : “L'Essai à la bille sur les metaux et alliages bruts de coulée” (study of the effect of orientation of the grains). Revue de Métallurgie, Feb. 1915.

Turpin F. : “Essais de dureté exécutés avec un appareil à main.” Revue de Métallurgie, Feb. 1915.

Abbott Robert R. : “The Relation between Maximum Strength, Brinell Hardness and Scleroscope Hardness in Treated and Untreated Alloy and Plain Steel.” Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, June 1915.

Am. Soc. for Testing Materials: “Report of Committee E–1 on Methods of Testing.” June 1915.

Automobil-Rundschau: “Ueber den Härteversuch an Automobilkonstruktions-Stahl.” July 1915.

Evans G. S. : “Testing the Hardness of Iron Castings.” Iron Age, 1 July 1915.

Arnold J. O. : “Note on the Relations between the Cutting Efficiencies of Tool Steels and their Brinell or Scleroscope Hardnesses” (no relation between Brinell Hardness and lathe efficiency). Journal, Iron and Steel Institute, 1916, No. 1, page 102.

Thomas W. N. : “A few Experiments on the Hardness Testing of Mild Steel.” Journal, Iron and Steel Institute, 1916, No. 1, page 255.

Shore A. F. : “Testing Hardness of Rifle Parts.” Machinery, June 1916.

Friedmann Hugo : “Testing Non-Ferrous Metals for Hardness” (Brinell method). Machinery, August 1916.