Equations are developed for the flow of gas-liquid mixtures through nozzles under conditions of critical or ‘choking’ flow. The equations are compared with experimental data obtained during air-water flow through nozzles and pipes at almost atmospheric pressures. Comparison is also made with data on the sonic velocity in mixtures. Additional problems arising with vapour-liquid mixtures are also discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
‘Metering of two-phase mixtures: Report of a meeting at N.E.L., 6th January, 1965’, N.E.L. Rept No. 217, 1966 (National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow).
2.
VogrinJ. A.Jr.‘An experimental investigation of two-phase, two-component flow in a horizontal, converging diverging nozzle’, USAEC Rept ANL-6754, 1963 (Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Ill.).
3.
CrabtreeD. L.SchneiterG. R.MurthyS. N. B.‘An investigation of two-phase gas-liquid mixtures flowing in variable area ducts’, AD 617368, 1964 (Jet Propulsion Center, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.).
4.
MurdockJ. W.‘Two-phase flow measurement with orifices’, J. basic Engng, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs196284 (4), 419.
5.
BizonE.‘Two-phase flow measurement with sharp-edged orifices and Venturis’, AECL-2273, 1965 (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited).
6.
ChisholmD.‘The flow of incompressible two-phase mixtures through sharp-edged orifices’, J. mech. Engng Sci.19679 (1), 72.
7.
BelinR. E.BainbridgeA. E.‘Estimation of dryness fraction and mass discharge of geothermal bores’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs1957171 (36), 967.
8.
ChisholmD.‘The flow of steam-water mixtures through sharp-edged orifices’, Engng Boil. House Rev.195873 (8), 252.
9.
MuirJ. F.EichornR.‘Compressible flow of an air-water mixture through a vertical, two-dimensional converging-diverging nozzle’, in Proc. Heat Transfer and Fluid Mech. Inst.1963, 183 (Stanford University Press).
10.
GuzhovA. I.MedvedevV. F.‘Investigation of gas-liquid flow through cylindrical nozzles at critical parameters’, Thermal Engng196613 (8), 117.
11.
RoseS. C.Jr.GriffithP.‘Flow properties of bubbly mixtures’, A.S.M.E.-A.I.Ch.E. Heat Transfer Conf., Los Angeles1965, A.S.M.E. Paper No. 65-HT-58 (Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs).
12.
VanceW. H.MoultonR. W.‘A study of slip ratios for the flow of steam-water mixtures of high void fractions’, J. Am. Instn chem. Engrs196511 (6), 1114.
13.
FauskeH.‘Critical two-phase, steam-water flows’, in Proc. Heat Transfer and Fluid Mech. Inst.1963, 79 (Stanford University Press).
14.
ArmandA. A.‘Resistance to two-phase flow in horizontal tubes’ (in Russian), Izv. VTI194615 (1), 16. English translation, N.L.L. M882 (National Lending Library, Yorks.).
15.
ChisholmD.‘The influence of viscosity and liquid flow rate on the phase velocities during two-phase flow’, N.E.L. Rept No. 33, 1962 (National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow).
16.
FauskeH.‘Two-phase two- and one-component flow’, Symp. Two-phase Flow 19651, G101 (University of Exeter).
17.
TangrenR. F.DodgeC. H.SeifertH. S.‘Compressibility effects in two-phase flow’, J. appl. Phys.194920 (7), 637.
18.
GrahamE. J.‘The flow of air-water mixtures through nozzles’, N.E.L. Rept No. 308, 1967 (National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow).
19.
Gal'perinL. G.KuznetsovYu. V.MagrachevS. L.YasnikovG. P.‘Polytropic exponent of moist gas compression’, J. engng Phys.196712 (6), 817.
20.
GouseS. W.Jr.BrownG. A.‘A survey of the velocity of sound in two-phase mixtures’, A.S.M.E. Paper No. 64-WA/FE-35, 1964 (Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs).
21.
CampbellI. J.PitcherA. S.‘Shock waves in a liquid containing gas bubbles’, Proc. roy. Soc. A1958243, 534.
22.
SemenovN. I.KosterinS. I.‘Results of studying the speed of sound in moving gas-liquid systems’, Thermal Engng196411 (6), 59.
23.
SilbermanE.‘Sound velocity and attenuation in bubbly mixtures measured in standing wave tubes’, J. acoust. Soc. Am.195729 (8), 925.
24.
ChenP. C.IsbinH. S.‘Two-phase flow through apertures’ (in Italian), Energia nucl. Milano196613, 347.
