Basic Mechanisms of Wear

Wahl H. ‘A survey of the field of wear’, Metalen 1954 9 (Nos 4, 5, and 6) (in German).

Khruschov M. M. Babichev M. A. ‘Experimental fundamentals of abrasive wear theory’, Russ. Engng J. 1964 44 (No. 6), 43.

Richardson R. C. D. ‘The wear of metallic materials by soil—practical phenomena’, J. agric. Engng Res. 1967 12 (No. 1), 22 and Ingenieur, ‘s Grav. 1967 79 (25), W133.

Nathan G. K. Derrick-Jones W. J. ‘The influence of the hardness of abrasives on the abrasive wear of metals’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1966–67 181 (Pt 3 O), 215.

Wright K. H. R. Contribution to discussion Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1966–67 181 (Pt 3 O), 256.

Rabinowicz E. Mutis A. ‘Effect of abrasive particle size on wear’, Wear 1965 8, 381.

Rabinowicz E. Friction and wear of materials 1965 (John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York).

Finnie I. ‘Erosion of surfaces by solid particles’, Wear 1960 3, 87.

Bitter J. G. A. ‘A study of erosion phenomena’, Wear 1963 6, 5 and 169.

Lazarenko V. K. Preis G. A. The wear resistance of metals Moscow and Kiev: Mashgiz, 1960 (in Russian), English translation of pp. 103–117 and 212–218 (NEL 786) made by National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow.

Avery H. S. ‘Wear resistance’, Handbook of mechanical wear 1961 (ed. Lipson C. Colwell L. V. ), 315 (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan).

Norman T. E. ‘The abrasive wear of metals’, op. cit. 277.

Wellinger K. Uetz H. ‘Erosion by granular mineral substances’, Jernkont. Annlr. 1963 147, 84. English translation (NEL 1448) made by National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride, Glasgow).

Richardson R. C. D. ‘The abrasive wear of metals and alloys’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1967–68 182 (Pt 3A), 410.

Tabor D. ‘Solid friction and boundary lubrication’, loc. cit. 262.

Richardson R. C. D. ‘The wear of metals by relatively soft abrasives’, Wear 1968 11, 245.

Marsh D. M. Proc. R. Soc. 1964 A282 (1388).

Richardson R. C. D. ‘The maximum hardness of strained surfaces and the abrasive wear of metals and alloys’, Wear 1967 10, 353.

Pettijohn F. J. Sedimentary rocks 2nd edition 1957 (Harper and Row).

Lancaster J. K. Wear 1966 9, 169.

Voigt W. Lehrbuch der Kristallphysik 1928 (Leipsig B. G. Terebner).

Reuss A. Z. angew. Math. Mech. 1929 9, 55.

Van Dyke K. S. Manual of piezoelectric data 1948 (Wesleyan University, Conn.).

Hearmon R. F. S. Adv. Phys. 1956 5 (No. 19).

Brace W. F. J. geophys. Res. 1965 70 (No. 2).

Dew-Hughes D. Narlikar A. V. J. Inst. Metals 1967 95 (No. 3).

Sibley L. B. Allen C. M. ‘Friction and wear behaviour of refractory materials at high sliding velocities and temperature’, Wear 1962 5, 312.

Hirst W. ‘Wear of unlubricated metals’, Lubrication and Wear Conf. London 1957, 674 (Instn Mech. Engrs, London).

Lancaster J. K. ‘The formation of surface films at the transition between mild and severe metallic wear’, Proc. R. Soc. 1963 A273, 466.

Brown N. H. Armarigo E. J. A. ‘Some observations on the friction and wear of a hardened rider’, Wear 1963 6, 106.

Peterson M. B. ‘High temperature lubrication’, Proc. Int. Symp. Lubric. Wear (ed. Muster D. Sternlicht B. ) 1965, 941.

Bowden F. P. Tabor D. The friction and lubrication of solids (Pt II) 1964 (Clarendon Press, Oxford).

Buckle H. ‘L'essai de microdureté et ses applications’, Pubis scient. tech. Minist. Air 1960 N.T. 90 (Paris).

Buckle H. ‘Problèmes de revêtement protecteurs pour matériaux super-réfractaires’, Techq. mod. 1965 57 (No. 5).

Ayel J. Frottement et usure de métaux et composés réfractaires en relation avec leur structure métallographique 1966 Thesis presented to the Faculty of Science at Caen.

Roach A. E. Goodzeit C. L. Hunnicutt R. P. ‘Scoring characteristics of thirty-eight different elemental metals in high-speed sliding contact with steel’, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs 1956 78, 1659.

De Gee A. W. J. ‘The friction of gold-silver alloys against steel’, Wear 1965 8, 121.

Begelinger A. De Gee A. W. J. ‘Sliding characteristics of silver against iron as influenced by oxygen concentration’, Trans. Am. Soc. lubric. Engrs 1967 10 (in press).

Wassink R. J. Klein ‘Wetting of solid-metal surfaces by molten metals’, J. Inst. Metals 1967 95, 38.

Haltner A. J. Flom D. G. Discussion remarks on (38).

Whitehead J. R. ‘Surface deformation and friction of metals at light loads’, Proc. R. Soc. 1950 A201, 109.

Bisson E. E. Johnson R. L. Swikert M. A. ‘Friction, wear and surface damage of metals as affected by solid surface films’, Lubrication and Wear Conf. London 1957, 384.

Allum K. G. Forbes E. S. ‘The load carrying mechanism of organic sulphur compounds—application of electron probe microanalysis’, paper presented at the Joint A.S.L.E.–A.S.M.E. International Lubrication Conference, Chicago, in October 1967.

Allum K. G. Ford J. F. ‘The influence of chemical structure on load carrying properties of certain organo-sulphur compounds’, J. Inst. Petrol. 1965 51, 145.

Allum K. G. Forbes E. S. ‘The load carrying properties of organo-sulphur compounds. The influence of chemical structure on anti-wear properties of organic disulphides’, J. Inst. Petrol. 1967 53, 174.

Dowson D. Higginson G. R. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication 1966 (Pergamon Press, Oxford).

Bowden F. P. Tabor D. The friction and lubrication of solids (Pt I) 2nd impression 1954 (Clarendon Press, Oxford).

Godet M. L'apport hydrodynamique dans le frottement lubrifié 1967 Thesis pressented at the Univerity of Paris.

Groszek A. J. A.S.L.E. Trans. 1966 9, 67.

Kragelskii I. V. Lubrication and Wear Conf., London 1957 302.

Feng I. Ming. J. appl. Phys. 1952 23, 1011.

Elin L. V. ‘Sbornic Trenie i iznos v maschinah’, A.N. S.S.S.R. 1959 N13 48.

Kragelskii I. V. ‘Sbornic Trenie i iznos v maschinah’, A.N. S.S.S.R. 1949 178.

Bridgman P. J. appl. Phys. 1937 N5 328.

Demkin N. B. ‘Area real contact of solids’, A.N. S.S.S.R. 1962.

Mikhin N. M. ‘Sbornic Trenie tverdikh tel’, Nauka 1964 52.

Kragelskii I. V. Mikhin N. M. J. bas. Engng, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs 1966 88, 186.

Mikhin N. M. ‘Sbornic Trenie tverdikh tel’, Nauka 1964, 62.

Kragelskii I. V. Friction and wear 1962 (Mashgiz); 1965 (Butterworth Publishing Co.).

Kragelskii I. V. ‘Wear as resulting from repeated strains of surface layers’, Proc. Higher Learning Establishments. Physics 1959 (No. 5), 119.

Kragelskii I. V. Nepomnyashii E. F. ‘On fatigue mechanism of wear in elastic contact’, Proc. U.S.S.R. Acad. Sci. (Mechanics and Machine-building) 1963 (No. 5), 190; Wear 1965 8, 303.

Kharatsch G. M. Investigation into the wear of friction surfaces in plastic contact 1964 Author's abstract of thesis for degree of M.Tech.Sci.

Resnikovsky M. M. ‘On interrelation between wear resistance and other physico-mechanical properties of rubber’, Kauch. Rezina 1960 (No. 9), 33. English translation in Soviet Rubb. Technol.

Ratner S. B. ‘On the part of fatigue processes in abrasion (wear) of polymers’, Trans. U.S.S.R. Acad. Sci. 1963 150 (No. 5), 848.

Lancaster J. K. Clark W. T. ‘Breakdown and surface fatigue of carbons during repeated slidings’, Wear 1963 6, 467.

Kragelskii I. V. Resnikovsky M. M. Brodsky G. I. Nepomnyashii E. F. ‘On friction-contact fatigue of highly elastic materials’, Kauch. Rezina 1965 (No. 9), 30.

Nepomnyashii E. F. Kharatsch G. M. Dobytschin N. M. ‘Testing the materials by repeated scratchings’, Conference on theory, technique and application of sclerometry (testing by scratching), April 8–11, 1966. Heads of papers, Moscow 1966, 26.

Khruschov M.M. Babitschev M.A. Investigations into wear of metals 1960 (U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences).

Schalamach A. ‘Friction and abrasion of rubber’, Wear 1957–58 1, 384.

Ratner S. B. Melnikova M. A. ‘On abrasion of rubber by cloth or paper’, Kauch. Rezina 1958 (No. 8), 14.

Demkin N. B. Actual area of contact of hard surfaces 1962 (U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences).

Resnikovsky M. M. Lasareva K. N. ‘On quantitative characteristics of rubber fatigue under a symmetrical loading cycle’, Kauch. Rezina 1963 (No. 3), 17.

Tavernelli Y. E. Coffin L. F. ‘A compilation and interpretation of cyclic strain fatigue tests on metal’, Trans. Am. Soc. Metals 1959 51, 438.

Ratner S. B. ‘Influence of temperature on wear resistance of polymers’, Trans. U.S.S.R. Acad. Sci. 1963 (No. 4), 150.

Rybalov S. L. Kragelskii I. V. ‘On wear of rubber sliding on metal surface (in case of packings of quickly revolving machine components’), Mekh. polimerov 1965 (No. 6), 120.

Chichinadze A. V. ‘Calculation and investigation of external friction in braking’, Publ. Nauka 1967.

Ryghov E. V. ‘Bearing area of machined surfaces’, Vest. Mashinost. 1964 (No. 4), 56.

Kragelskii I. V. Nepomnyashii E. F. Kharatsch G. M. Influence of unstable load conditions on wear. Theory of friction and wear 1965, 128 (Science Publishers).

Kragelskii I. V. Nepomnyashii E. F. Kharatsch G. M. Zyulkov M. I. ‘Variation in loads as a factor of wear’, Mashinovedenie 1968 (No. 1), 68.

Kragelskii I. V. Nepomnyashii E. F. Theory of wear of highly elastic materials. Plastics in sliding friction bearings 1965, 49 (Publ. Nauka).

Nepomnyashii E. F. ‘Wear under rolling with slip’, Friction of solids 1964, 111 (Publ. Nauka).

Vorobyov E. J. ‘On wear resistance and designing of cammed mechanisms’, 70th Anniversary Book for A. A. Blagonrovov 1965 (Publ. Nauka).

McConnell B. D. Mecklenburg K. R. Wieser L. E. ‘Wear life improvement of a solid film lubricant’, A.S.L.E. 67AM 7A-2, Presented at the 1967 A.S.L.E. Annual Meeting, 1967 (May).

Hopkins V. Hubbell R. Kremith R. ‘Plasma spraying, a new method of applying solid film lubricants’, A.S.L.E. 67AM 7A-4, Presented at the 1967 A.S.L.E. Annual Meeting 1967 (May).

Hopkins V. ‘Development of new and improved high temperature solid film lubricants’, ML-TDR-64–37, Part III 1966 (August).

Matveevsky R. M. Lazovskaja O. V. ‘The influence of alloying of copper on critical temperature of oil at friction steel over copper alloys’, The raising of the resistance of wear and endurance of machines 1966 1, 107 (Thesis of reports) NTO, Mashprom, U.S.S.R. (in Russian).

Matveevsky R. M. Lazovskaja O. V. ‘The influence of alloying on antifriction properties of binary copper alloys at friction in conditions of boundary lubrication’, Wear (in print).

Matveevsky R. M. ‘The effect of load on the critical temperature of oil in the lubricant of different materials’, Wear 1961 4, 292.

Semenov A. P. The seizure of metals 1958 Mashgiz, U.S.S.R. (in Russian).

Kestner O. E. ‘The behaviour of some copper alloys at friction’, Investigation of nonferrous metal alloys 1962 3, 187 U.S.S.R. (in Russian).

Tylecote R. F. ‘Published information on oxidation and scaling of copper and copper-base alloys’, J. Inst. Metals 1950 78, 259.

Savage R. H. ‘Graphite lubrication’, J. appl. Phys. 1948 19, 1.

Rowe G. W. ‘Some observations on the frictional behaviour of boron nitride and of graphite’, Wear 1960 3, 274.

Bryant P. J. Trans. Ninth Vacuum Symposium 1962 (U.S.A.).

Bryant P. J. Gutshall P. L. Taylor L. H. ‘A study of mechanisms of graphite friction and wear’, Wear 1964 7, 118.

Clark W. T. Lancaster J. K. ‘Breakdown and surface fatigue of carbons during repeated sliding’, Wear 1963 6, 467.

Spreadborough L. J. ‘The frictional behaviour of graphite’, Wear 1962 5, 18.

Longley R. I. Midgley J. W. Strang A. Teer D. G. ‘Mechanism of the frictional behaviour of high, low and non-graphitic carbon’, Proc. Lubric. Wear Conv. 1963, 198 (Instn Mech. Engrs, London).

Arnell R. D. Midgley J. W. Teer D. G. ‘Frictional characteristics of pyrolitic carbon’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1964–65 179 (Pt 3J), 115.

King J. N. Wilman H. ‘The friction and wear properties, during abrasion, of compressed graphite-powder compacts and commercial graphitized carbons’, Wear 1962 5, 213.

Spurr R. T. ‘The ploughing contribution to friction’, Brit. J. appl. Phys. 1956 7, 260.

Rowe G. W. ‘Vapour lubrication of titanium and zirconium’, Brit. J. appl. Phys. 1956 7, 152.

Baldwin D. J. Rowe G. W. ‘Lubrication of high temperatures with vapor-deposited surface coatings’, J. bas. Engng, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs 1961 83, 133.

Roberts R. W. Owens R. S. ‘Titanium lubrication’, Nature 1963 200, 357.

Roberts R. W. Owens R. S. ‘Boundary lubrication of titanium-titanium and titanium steel’, Wear 1963 6, 444.

Owens R. S. Roberts R. W. Barnes W. J. ‘Iodine as an extreme pressure lubricant additive’, Wear 1966 9, 79.

Roberts R. W. Owens R. S. ‘New lubricants for the heat resistant alloys’, Friction and lubrication in metal processing 1966, 244 (Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs, New York).

Roberts R. W. Owens R. S. U.S. Patent No. 3 228 880, January 11, 1966.

Furey M. J. ‘The action of I2 in producing extremely low friction’, Wear 1966 9, 369.

Furey M. J. U.S. Patent No. 3 184 409, May 18, 1965.

MacDonald D. ‘Flow patterns in lubricated friction surfaces’, Wear 1967 10, 333.

Vermilyea D. Ochar D. Private communication 1967.

Gindin L. G. Pavlova M. V. Dokl. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1949 69 (3), 377.

Rabinowicz E. ‘Wear characteristics of lightly loaded metals in sliding contact’, Electric Contacts 1965 283–292 (University of Maine, Orono, Maine).

Shiralkar B. Surface energy criterion in polishing 1964 Thesis presented to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the degree of M.S.

Rayleigh Baron Strutt J. W. ‘Polish’, Proc. Roy. Inst. 1901 16, 563.

Khruschov M. M. Babichev M. A. Russ. Engng J. 1964 44 (No. 6), 43.

Richardson R. C. D. J. agric. Engng Res. 1967 12, 22.

Nathan G. K. Derrick-Jones W. J. Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1966–67 181 (Pt 30), 215.

Rabinowicz E. Mutis A. Wear 1965 8, 381.

Handbook of mechanical wear (ed. Lipson C. Colwell L. V. ) 315 (University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor).

Op. cit. 277.

Wellinger K. Uetz H. Jernkont. Annbr. 1963 147, 84. N.E.L. Transl. 1448.

Richardson R. C. D. Wear 1968 11, 245.

Idem. Wear 1967 10, 353.

Lancaster J. K. Wear 1966 9, 169.

Bowden F. P. Tabor D. The friction and lubrication of solids (Pt II) 1964 (Clarendon Press, Oxford).

Richardson R. D. ‘Wear in agricultural machinery—the relevance of a study of the wear of materials against bonded abrasive’, J. and Proc. Inst. Agric. Engng 1963 19 (2), 42.

Khruschov M. M. Babichev M. A. ‘Issledovaniya iznashivaniya metallov’ (Research on wear of metals), Izdat. Akad. Nauk, Moscow 1960 N.E.L. Transl. 889–893.

Alison P. J. Stroud M. F. Wilman H. ‘Abrasion of metals and binary alloys’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1964–65 179 (Pt 3J), 246.

Sedriks A. J. Mulhearn T. O. ‘Mechanics of cutting and rubbing in simulated abrasive processes’, Wear 1963 6, 457.

Greenwood J. A. Williamson J. B. P. ‘Contact of nominally flat surfaces’, Proc. R. Soc. 1966 A295 (1442), 300.

Larsen-Badse J. ‘Influence of grit size on the groove formation during sliding abrasion’, Wear 1968 11, 213.

Nathan G. K. Jones W. J. D. ‘The empirical relationship between abrasive wear and the applied conditions’, Wear 1966 9, 300.

Mulhearn T. O. Samuels L. E. ‘The abrasion of metals: a model of the process’, Wear 1962 5, 478.

Tenenbaum M. M. ‘Laboratory evaluation of resistance to wear, in steels when exposed to friction occasioned by abrasive papers’, Vestn. Mashinostr. 1956 36 (8), 25 N.E.L. Transl. 840.

Wahl H. ‘Review of the field of wear’, Metalen 1954 9 (4, 5, and 6).

Khruschov M. M. ‘Resistance of metals to wear by abrasion, as related to hardness’, Lubrication and Wear Conf. 1957, 655 (Instn Mech. Engrs, London).

Richardson R. C. D. ‘The wear of metals by hard abrasives’, Wear 1967 10, 291.

Coffin L. F. jun. ‘Cyclic softening effects in metals’, Gen. Elect. Res. and Dev. Centre, Schenectady, N.Y., U.S.A. Report 66-C-211, 1966.

Smith R. W. Hirschberg M. H. Manson S. S. ‘Fatigue behaviour of materials under strain cycling in low and intermediate life range’, NASA tech. Note D. 1574 1963.

Marsh D. M. ‘Plastic flow and fracture of glass’, Proc. R. Soc. 1964 A282 (1388), 33.

Tabor D. ‘Mohs's hardness scale—a physical interpretation’, Proc. phys. Soc. 1954 B67, 249.

Avery H. S. ‘The measurement of wear resistance’, Wear 1961 4, 427.

Richardson R. C. D. ‘Laboratory simulation of abrasive wear, such as that imposed by soil’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1967–68 182 (Pt 3A), 29.

Attwood D. G. ‘Elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio and yield stress of abrasives, derived from crystal constants and microhardness measurements’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1967–68 182 (Pt 3A), 369.

McLaren K. G. Tabor D. Nature 1963 197, 856.

Grosch K. A. Proc. R. Soc. 1963 A274, 21.

Pinchbeck P. H. Wear 1962 5, 85.

Ludema K. C. Tabor D. Wear 1966 9.

Bowden F. P. Tabor D. Brit. J. appl. Phys. 1966 17, 1521.

Orowan E. Mechanical behaviour of materials (Ed. McClintock F. A. Argon A. S. ) 1966 (Addison-Wesley Pubis. Co. Inc., Reading, Mass.).

Hayden H. W. Moffatt W. G. Wulff J. ‘The structure and properties of materials’, Mechanical behaviour (Vol. III) 1966 (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York).

Fast J. D. Entropy 1962 (Philips Technical Library, Eindhoven).

Avkin A. Zukerman A. Internal Report, 1967.

Halaunbrenner J. Sukiennik P. ‘On the end of motion of solid on an elastic base’, Acta Physica Plonica 1962 21 (fasc. 3), and Wear 1963 6 (No. 3).

Halaunbrenner J. Sukiennik P. ‘On the role of contact stresses in frictional damping of mechanical oscillations’, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs 1967 89 (Series F).

Sukiennik P. ‘O Dyssypacji Energii na Kontakcie podczas Odwracalnych Przemieszczen Wstepnych’, Proc. 20 Nat. Cong. Phys. Pol. 1967.

Frenkiel J. ‘Zur Theorie der Elasticitatsgrance und der Festigkeit krystallinischer Korper’, Z. Phys. 1926 37, 372.

Moerbeek B. H. Proc. Gen. Discuss. Lubrication and Lubricants 1937 2, 367 (Instn Mech. Engrs, London).

Hanson D. K. Egerton A. C. ibid., Gr. IV, 151.

Vinogradov G. V. . Lubrication and Wear Conf. 1957, 807 (Instn Mech. Engrs, London).

Vinogradov G. V. Chemical composition and performance of lubricating oils 1957, 133 (Gostoptekhizdat, Moscow.).

Vinogradov G. V. Krein S. E. Composition and properties of high-molecular part of petroleum 1958, 167 (U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Press, Moscow).

Pavlovskaya N. T. ibid., 196.

Vinogradov G. V. Arkharova V. V. Khimiya Tekhnol. Topl. Masel 1960 (No. 5), 45.

Vinogradov G. V. ‘Izvestiya VUZov’, Neft’ Gaz 1960 (No. 6), 81.

Bezborodko M. D. Proc. 3rd Conf. Friction and Wear in Machines 1960 3, 177 (U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Press, Moscow).

Vinogradov G. V. Vestnik Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 1961 (No. 1), 48.

Vinogradov G. V. Neftekhimiya 1961 1, 274.

Vinogradov G. V. Friction and wear in machines 1962 (No. 15), 432 (U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences Press, Moscow).

Vinogradov G. V. Wear 1963 6, 202.

Vinogradov G. V. Podolsky Yu. Ya. Sixth Wld Petrol. Congr. 1963 Sec. VI, paper 28.

Vinogradov G. V. Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs 1965 (Series D) 87, 741.

Fein R. S. Kreuz K. L. A.S.L.E./A.S.M.E. Lubr. Conference, Washington, 1964 Paper 64-LC-4.

Bezborodko M. D. Solomenko I. I. Theory of lubricity and new materials 1965, 75 (Nauka Publishers, Moscow).

Vinogradov G. V. Wear 1961 4, 274.

Godfrey D. Fifth Wld Petrol. Congr. 1959 Sec. VI, 345.

Braithwaite E. R. (editor) Lubrication and lubricants (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

Pratt G. C. ‘Plastics as bearing materials, with particular reference to p.t.f.e.’, Trans. Plast. Inst., Lond. 1964 32, 255.

Pratt G. C. . ‘Recent developments in polytetrafluorethylene-based dry bearing materials and treatments’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs 1966–67 181 (Pt 3O), 58.