The unsteady Bernoulli equation applied to an incompressible fluid may be used to calculate the unsteady pressures and velocities in a hydraulic system involving pipework and hydraulic machines. The effects of changes in the dynamic pressure, fluid friction, and the quasi-steady pump or turbine characteristics can be included.
The results are applicable to situations in which the time describing the system disturbances is very much slower than the characteristic length of the system divided by the wave speed. In other words, the approach is similar to a rigid water-column theory used in water-hammer analysis. A worked example is also included.
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References
1.
SwiecickiI.‘Rigid water-column theory in water-hammer analysis’, J. bas. Engng, Trans. Am. Soc. mech. Engrs196486, 583.
2.
Allievi. Theory of water hammer, transl. by Halmos, Rome, 1925.
