This paper presents a résumé of the course of development of the air springs of the double-convoluted and rolling-lobe types. The theory of the air spring design is discussed and typical methods of installation are described. The present-day air springs are limited to a maximum pressure of 100 lb/in2 to cater for the maximum static load. There are no minimum pressure requirements for a double-convolution bellows, but in order to obtain good flexing life and maximum spring response the rolling-lobe type is generally limited to a minimum pressure of 40 lb/in2.
The ancillary equipment for an air suspension system is described, this consisting of compressor, storage tank and levelling valves.
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