An investigation is made of the normal steady drainage of water from horizontal drums freely discharging in a steam atmosphere via vertical drains.
The flow to the drain orifice in a horizontal drum is asymmetric. At the drain the discharge flow may have several forms; however, there are two basic regimes. At low discharge rates it resembles flow over a weir, whereas with increasing flow there is a transition to a form of orifice flow when discharge is as a jet. In both cases the discharging water is free from entrained steam and vortex formation. Correlations are given to determine the regime and, hence, the applicable head/discharge relationship for drain/drum radius ratios from 0–08 to 0–25.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
DartnellL. ‘A review of the operational behaviour and design of direct-contact feed water heating plants for large thermal power stations’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs, 1973, 187, 709–724.
2.
LiaoG. S. ‘Analysis of power plant deaerator under transient turbine load’, J. Engng Pwr, 1973, 95, 171–179.
3.
CranfieldR. R.WilkinsonD. H. ‘Analysis of power plant deaerator storage tank instabilities’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs, 1981, 195 (in press).
4.
RouseH.AbulfetouhA. H. ‘Characteristics of irrotational flow through axially symmetric orifices’, J. Appl. Mech., 1950, 17, 421–425.
5.
GardnerG. C.CrowI. G. ‘Onset of drawdown of supernatant fluid in surge tanks’, Chem. Engng Sci., 1971, 26, 211–219.
6.
KubieJ.RoweM.JonesE. W. ‘Hydrodynamic aspects of the design of heaters and deaerator storage tanks’, Paper C140/79, ‘Steam turbines for 1980's’ IMechE Symposium1979.
7.
BeijK. H. ‘Flow in roof gutters’, US Bur. Standards J. Res., 1934, 12, 193–213.
