Equations are developed for the pressure drop over sharp-edged orifices during the flow of incompressible two-phase mixtures. The velocity ratio is assumed constant during flow through the orifice, and on this basis analysis of the data leads to the following equations for the velocity ratio: for X ≥ 1, K = (pL/pHOM)1/2 for X ≤ 1, K = (pL/pG)1/4.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BottomleyW. T. ‘Flow of boiling water through orifices and pipes’, Trans. North-East Coast Instn Engrs Shipbuilders193637 (53), 65–100.
2.
CollinsD. B.GacesaM. ‘Measurement of steam quality in two-phase upflow with venturis and orifice plates’, J. bas. Engng197193 (1), 11–21.
3.
ChisholmD.LeishmanJ. M. ‘Metering of wet steam’, Chem. Process Engng196950 (7), 103–106.
4.
MooreK. V.RettigW. H.Relap 4—a computer program for transient thermal-hydraulic analyses1973, US Atomic Energy Commission, AT (10–1), 1375.
5.
ChisholmD. ‘Flow of incompressible two-phase mixtures through sharp-edged orifices’, J. mech. Engng Sci.19679 (1), 72–78.
6.
ChisholmD. ‘Pressure gradients during flow of incompressible two-phase mixtures through pipes, venturis and orifice plates’, Br. chem. Engng196712 (9), 1368–1371.
7.
ChisholmD.RooneyD. H. ‘Pressure drop during steam/water flow through orifices’, J. mech. Engng Sci.197416 (5), 353–355.
8.
ChisholmD. ‘Prediction of pressure drop at pipe fittings during two-phase flow’, 13th Int. Inst. Refrigeration Congr. Washington, 1971.
9.
JamesR. ‘Metering of steam/water two-phase flow by sharp-edged orifices’, Proc. Instn mech. Engrs1965–66180 (Part 1) (23), 549–572.
10.
MurdockJ. W. ‘Two-phase flow measurement with orifices’, J. bas. Engng196284 (4), 418.
11.
BizonE.Two-phase flow measurement with sharp-edged orifices and venturis AECL-2273, 1965 (Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario).
12.
ChisholmD.WatsonG. C. ‘The flow of steam/water mixtures through sharp-edged orifices’, Symposium on two-phase flow University of Exeter, 21–23 June 196511, 9201 222. Also NEL Report No. 213, East Kilbride, Glasgow, 1966.
13.
SilbermanE.Air/water mixture flow through orifices, bends and other fittings in a horizontal pipe AD253–494, Project No. 63, St Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab. University of Minnesota, 1960.
14.
ThomJ. R. S.The flow of steam/water mixtures through a sharp-edged orifice in a pipe Research Department Report No. 1/63/65, Babcock and Wilcox Ltd, Renfrew, 1963.
15.
ChisholmD.An equation for velocity ratio in two-phase flow NEL Report No. 535, East Kilbride, Glasgow, 1972.
16.
ChisholmD. ‘Void fraction during two-phase flow’, J. mech. Engng Sci.197315 (3), 235–236.
17.
AndeenG. B.GriffithP. ‘Momentum flux in two-phase flow’, J. Heat Transfer Paper No. 67-HT-32, August 1967.
18.
WiafeF.Two-phase flow in rough tubes Ph. D. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, 1970.
19.
ChisholmD.The compressible flow of two-phase mixtures through orifices, nozzles and venturis. In NEL Report No. 549, East Kilbride, Glasgow, 1973.
20.
FauskeH. K.Contribution to the theory of two-phase, one-component critical flow ANL-6633, Argonne, 111: Argonne National Laboratory, 1962.
21.
ChisholmD. ‘The flow of steam/water mixtures through sharp-edged orifices’, Engng Boiler House Rev.195873 (8), 252–256.
22.
RyleyD. J. ‘The flow of wet steam’, Engineer, Lond.1952193 (5015), 332–333, (5016), 363–365.
23.
ZiviS. M. ‘Estimation of steady-state void fraction by means of the principle of minimum energy production’, J. Heat Transfer196486, 147–252.