In the present study, a muscle model based on EMG peaks and extensive experimental work has resulted in a useful method of correlating the surface EMG with the forces in the muscles under investigation.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (1965) Method of measuring and recording, in Joint motion, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Chicago, 11.
2.
AmisA. A.DowsonD.WrightV. (1980) Elbow joint force predictions for some strenuous isometric actions. J. Biomech., 13, 765–775.
3.
AnK. N.HuiF. C.MorreyB. F.LinscheidR. L.ChaoE. Y. (1981) Muscles across the elbow joint: A biomechanical analysis. J. Biomech., 14, 659–669.
4.
AndreassenS.RosenfalckA. (1978) Recording from a single motor unit during strong effort. IEEE Trans Biomed. Engng, BME-25, 501–508.
5.
ArmstrongR. B.MarumP.SaubertC. W.IVSeehermanH. J.TylorC. R. (1977) Muscle fiber activity as a function of speed and gait. J. Appl. Physiol., 43, 672–677.
6.
CalvertT. W.ChapmanA. E. (1977) The relationship between the surface EMG and force transients in muscle: Simulation and experimental studies. IEEE Proc., 65, 682–689.
7.
ChapmanA. E.HarrowerP. T. (1977) Linear approximation of muscle mechanics in isometric contraction. Biol. Cybernetics, 27, 1–7.
8.
CroweA.van AtteveldtH.GrootheddeH. (1980) Simulation studies of contracting skeletal muscles during mechanical stretch. J. Biomech., 13, 333–340.
9.
De LucaC. J. (1979) Physiology and mathematics of myoelectric signals. IEEE Trans Biomed. Engng, BME-26, 313–325.
10.
FifeS. E. (1972) EMG: tension relationship and muscle length in human biceps brachii. MSc thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
11.
GschwendN.WyssU. P. (1981) The RA knee, in Clinical biomechanics: a case history approach. (Eds BlackJ.DumbletonJ. H.) Churchill Livingstone Inc., pp 279–306.
12.
HillA. V. (1938) The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle. Proc. Roy. Soc., B85, 277–297.
13.
HofA. L.Van den BergJw. (1977) Linearity between the weighted sum of the EMGs of the human triceps surae and the total torque. J. Biomech., 10, 529–539.
14.
HofA. L.Van den BergJw. (1981) EMG to force processing 1: An electrical analogue of the Hill muscle model. J. Biomech., 14, 747–758.
15.
McComasA. J. (1977) Neuromuscular function and disorders. Butterworths, London.
16.
Milner-BrownH. S.SteinR. B. (1975) The relation between the surface electromyogram and muscular force. J. Physiol., 246, 549–569.
17.
MorrisonJ. B. (1970) The mechanics of muscle function in locomotion. J. Biomech., 3, 431–451.
18.
ParkerP. A.HudginsB.ScottR. N. (1980) Myoelectric signal and muscle mechanical output. Proceedings of the 1st Special Conference of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics. Canadian Society for Biomechanics, pp 14–15.
19.
PollakV. A. (1981) High tension surface EMG. Am. J. Physical Med., 60, 76–83.
20.
RitchieJ. M.WilkieD. R. (1958) The dynamics of muscular contraction. J. Physiol., 143, 104–113.
21.
SoechtingJ. F.RobertsW. J. (1975) Transfer characteristics between EMG activity and muscle tension under isometric conditions in man. J. Appl. Physiol., 43, 778–792.
22.
SternJ. T. (1974) Computer modelling of gross muscle dynamics. J. Biomech., 7, 411–428.
23.
WilkieD. R. (1950) The relation between force and velocity in human muscle. J. Physiol., 110, 249–280.
24.
WilliamsM.StutzmanL. (1959) Strength variation through the range of joint motion. Physical Therapy Rev., 39, 145–152.
25.
WyssU. P.PollakV. A. (1981) A kinematic data acquisition system for two or three dimensional motion analysis. J. Biol. Engng. Comp., 19, 287–290.
