Strain gauges have a relevant role in mechanical measurements, and it is therefore quite natural that they find widespread use in biomechanics. They are used for the evaluation of the strain and stress distribution in particular points of structures of biomechanical interest, and, moreover, for the validation of numerical analyses.
This work reviews the use that European researchers make of this technique, mainly in orthopaedics, dentistry, and sport biomechanics.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BarberiG.CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1978) Flexural coupling of hip prosthesis stem and femur: A simple method of theoretical analysis. Engng in Med., 3, 172–178.
2.
BergmannG.KölbelR.SirakyJ.RohlmannA. (1979a) Kraft-messung an künstlichen Gelenken. Pauwels Symposium, Free University, Berlin, pp. 103–117.
3.
BergmannG.KölbelR.SirakyJ.RohlmannA. (1979b) Measurement of hip joint forces in sheep. Biomechanics VII, Warsaw, VII-B, 106–111.
4.
BourgoisR.BurnyF.LoriniG.HermanneA. (1976) Problémes posés par l'utilisation des jauges de contrainte ‘in vivo’. Quatriémes Symposium de Biomécanique osseuse. CIBO, Acta Orthop. Belg., 42, 47–51.
5.
BreyerH. G.Enes-GaiaoF.KühnH. J. (1979) Biegebeanspruchung des Femurkopfprothesenschaftes bei pertrochanterer Osteotomie, Pauwels Symposium. Free University, Berlin, pp. 136–143.
6.
BurnyF.BlaimontP.WagnerJ. (1968) Précontrainte fémorale liée à la prothèse d'Austin Moore. Acta Orthop. Belg., 34, 271–279.
7.
BurnyF.ZucmanJ.BourgoisR.AubroitJ. H.SedelJ. (1971) Utilisation des jauges extensométriques pour la mesure de la consolidation des fractures du tibia traitées par enclouage centromédullaire – étude théorique et premiers résultats. Acta Orthop. Belg., 37, 226–277.
8.
BurnyF. (1977) Mesure de la rigidité du cal au moyen de jauges extensométriques. Rev. Chir. Orthop., 63, 11, 186.
CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1979a) New theoretical and experimental developments in the mechanical design of implant stems. Pauwels Symposium, Free University, Berlin, pp. 199–208.
11.
CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1979b) Analisi teorica e sperimentale dello stato di tensione in steli protesici. VII Congr. Naz. AIAS, Cagliari, pp. 2.61–2.72.
12.
CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1979c) Theoretical and experimental analysis of stem–femur coupling: new improved procedures. II Meeting Europ. Soc. Biomech., Strasbourg.
13.
CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1979a) Mechanical stress distribution in stem of implants. Biomechanics VII. Warsaw, 3A, 373–379.
14.
CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1980a) Experimental results for stem–femur coupling loaded in bending. Al II-LEA Simpozion National de Tensometric Sect. D, 3–10. Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 3–11.
15.
CalderaleP. M.GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1980b) Systematic approach to the experimental and theoretical study of hip prosthesis coupling I World Biomat. Congr., Baden near Vienna; Advanced Bio-materials. vol. 3. (John Wiley, New York), ch. 17, pp. 113–119.
16.
CordeyJ.SchlapferF.CordeyP.DivisM.PerrenS. M. (1978) The study of stripping of leg screws: the relationship between applied torque and number of screw revolution. II Congr. Europ. Soc. Biomech., Bruxelles.
17.
CourtJ.DavisK.AthaJ. (1980) An engineering contribution to the appraisal of intra-stroke canoeing technique. Engng in Med., 9, 131–136.
18.
CroonH. W.Van CampenD. H. (1978) Deformation of a human tibia with an implanted hinged knee prosthesis. II Congr. Europ. Soc. Biomech., Bruxelles.
19.
CroonH. W.MielkeR.Van CampenD. H. (1979) Dynamische Belastungsversuche an Knieprothesen und rechnerische Spannungsanalyse. Pauwels Symposium. Freie University, Berlin, pp. 63–77.
20.
EklundG.LöfstedtL. (1970) Bio-mechanical analysis of balance. Biomed. Engng, 00, 333–337.
21.
EnglishT. A.KilvingtonM. (1979) ‘In vivo’ records of hip loads using a femoral implant with telemetric output (A preliminary report). J. Biomed. Engng, 1, 111–115.
22.
EvansM.KenwrightJ.TannerK. E. (1979) Analysis of single-side external fracture fixation. Engng in Med., 8, 1–5.
GentileG. (1979) Sistema di fissatori esterni omnidirezionali – Teoria e tecnica di applicazione. Marrapese, Ed. DEMI, Roma.
25.
GerngrossH.BurriC.ClaesL.RüterA. (1980) Biomechanical measurements of stress distribution after cup-prosthesis implantation in the trabecular bone of the femur-neck. I World Congress of Bio-materials, Baden, near Vienna.
26.
GolaM. M. (1980) Mechanical design, constructional details and calibration of a new force plate. J. Biomech., 13, 113–128.
27.
GolaM. M. (1981) Design methodology of force-plate transducer: A creative approach. Proc. Intern. Conf. Teach. Eng. Des., I.C.E.D., Roma;Tecniche Nuove, 6, w/4–1, 269–277.
28.
GolaM. M.GugliottaA. (1979) Analytical estimate of stresses in bones and prosthesis stems. J. Strain Analysis, 14, 29–33.
29.
HabelG.CordeyJ.RahnB. A.PerrenS. M.KrugerE. (1978) Functional strain in sheep mandibles. II Congr. Europ. Soc. Biomech., Bruxelles.
30.
HaggströmR. P. (1974) A transducer for the measurement of forces and moments in the hip joint of the living human body. VDI-Bericht, 212, 93–99.
31.
HennessyT. P. J.TannerW. A. (1979) An improved peroperative test of vagal section. J. R. Coll. Surg. Edinb., 61, 474–476.
32.
HenrikssonN. G.JohanssonH.ÖstlundH.OlssonL. G.Electric analysis of the Romberg test. Acta Otolaryng. (Supplement). To be published.
33.
HuiskesR. (1980) Some fundamental aspects of human joint replacement. Acta Orthop. Scand. Suppl. 185.
34.
HuiskesR.SlooffT. J. (1979) Experimentelle und rechnerische Spannungsanalyse der Hüftgelenkverankerung. Pauwels Symposium, Free University, Berlin, pp. 173–198.
35.
JacobH. A. C.HugglerA. H. (1979) Spannungsanalysen an Kunststoffmodellen des menschlichen Beckens sowie des proximalen Femurendes mit und ohne Prothese. Pauwels Symposium, Freie University, Berlin, pp. 118–135.
36.
JacobH. A. C.HugglerA. H. (1980) An investigation into bio-mechanical causes of prosthesis stem loosening within the proximal end of the human femur. J. Biomech., 13, 159–174.
37.
JacobH. A. C.HugglerA. H.DeitschiC. (1976) Mechanical function of subchondral bone as experimentally determined on the acetabulum of the human pelvis. J. Biomech., 9, 625–627.
38.
KenesiC.Lortat-JacobA. (1973) Le scellement aux silicones des prothéses de Moore. Rev. Chir. Orthop., 59, 469–475.
39.
LanyonL. E. (1972) ‘In vivo’ bone strain recorded from thoracic vertebrae of sheep. J. Biomech., 5, 277–281.
40.
LanyonL. E.HampsonW. G. J.GoodshipA. E.ShahJ. S. (1975) Bone deformation recorded ‘in vivo’ from strain gauges attached to the human tibial shaft. Acta Orthop. Belg., 46, 256–268.
41.
LanyonL. E.MageeP. T.BaggottD. G. (1979) The relationship of functional stress and strain to the processes of bone remodeling. An experimental study on the sheep radius. J. Biomech., 12, 593–600.
42.
LordG.MarotteJ. H.BlanchardJ. P.GuillamonJ. L.BancelP.Valeur de l'assise horizontale et de I'appui diaphysaire dans la répartition des contraintes du fémur prothèse. Rev. Chir. Orthop. To be published.
43.
MasonS. M.FyfeI. S. (1979) Comparison of rigidity of whole tubular bones. J. Biomech., 12, 367–372.
44.
MielkeR.CroonH. W.MoesH.BosniaR. (1979) Entwicklung eines Kniegelenksimulators und bisherige Ergebnisse von Dehnungsmessungen an der Verankerung von Shanier-Endoprothesen. Pauwels Symposium, Free University, Berlin, pp. 78–98.
45.
MizrahiJ.LivingstoneR. P.RoganI. M. (1979) An experimental analysis of the stresses at the surface of Charnley hip prostheses in different anatomical position. J. Biomech., 12, 491–500.
46.
MizrahiJ.KamiZ.PolishukW. Z. (1980) Isotropy and anisotropy of uterine muscle during labor contraction. J. Biomech., 13, 211–218.
47.
MonginiF.CalderaleP. M.BarberiG. (1979) Relationship between structure and the stress pattern in the human mandible. J. Dental Res., 58, 2334–2337.
48.
MonginiF.PretiG.CalderaleP. M.BarberiG. (1981) Experimental strain analysis on the mandibular condyle under various conditions. Med. biol. Engng, 19, 521–523.
49.
MorrisF.NowairaN. H.RakowskiS.StaffordG. D. (1980) The telemetered measurement of strain on the surface of a maxillary denture in function. Engng in Med., 9, 118–126.
50.
NolteV. (1979) Die Handschrift des Ruderers. Messtechnische Briefe, 15, 49–53.
51.
PratiE.FreddiA. (1979) A critical evaluation of some current experimental models simulating the human knee joint. Biomechanics VII, Warsaw, Poland.
52.
PruimG. J.BoschJ. J.DeJonghH. J. (1978) Jaw muscle EMG-activity and static loading of the mandible. J. Biomech., 11, 389–395.
53.
RohlmannA.KölbelR.BergmannG. (1979) Über den Aussagewert der Finiten-Element-Methode bei orthopädischen Problemen. Eine experimentelle Überprüfung der Rechnungen. Pauwels Symposium, Free University, Berlin, pp. 144–184.
54.
RoseP. G.GerstenbergerF.GruberU.LoosW.WolterD.NeugebauerR. (1980) New aspects of the design and application of carbon fibre reinforced carbon for prosthetic devices. I World Congress of Biomaterials, Baden, near Vienna.
55.
RumelhartC.MartineauG.BahuaudJ. (1974) Etude de la répartition des pressions à la surface d'un modèle de prothèse totale de hanche de type McKee-Farrar. Fifth International Conference on Experimental Stress Analysis, Udine. 3, 3.70–3.79.
56.
RydellN. W. (1966) Forces acting on the femoral head-prosthesis. A study on strain gauge supplied prosthesis in living persons. Acta Orthop. Scand., Suppl. 88.
57.
RusdeaR.HappelM. W. (1980) Biomechanische Untersuchung einer Double Cup Prothese als Hüftgelenkendoprothese. Orthoplant, Bremen, pp. 1–36.
58.
SigolottoC. (1983a) Verformungs- und Spannungszustände am proximalen Ende eines Femurs. Institut für Flugzeugbau-UniversitätStuttgart. Germany.
59.
SigolottoC. (1983b) Spannungs- und Dehnungsbeziehungen für anisotrope Materialen mit nichtlinearem Dehnungsverhalten. Institut für Statik und Dynamik der Luft- und Raumfahrtkonstruktionen, Universität Stuttgart. Germany.
60.
TannerW. A.ByrneP. J.HennessyT. P. J. (1978) The effects of metaclopramide (Maxolon) on gastroduodenal myoelectrical activity and motility. European Society of Surgical Research. Helsinki.
61.
Van CampenD. H.CroonH. W.LindwerJ. (1979) Mechanical loosening of knee-endoprostheses intermedullary stems: influence of dynamic loading. 25th Annual ORS, San Francisco, California, 98, 20–22.
62.
WagnerJ.BourgoisR. (1974) Biomechanical study of the knee prosthesis. Preliminary report. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 102, 189–193.
63.
WeightmanB. (1976) The stress in total hip prosthesis femoral stems: A comparative experimental study. Engng in Med., 2, 138–147.
64.
WhitneyR. J. (1949) The measurement of changes in human limb-volume by means of a mercury-in-rubber strain gauge. J. Physiol., 109, 5–6.
