In this paper the authors offer a definition for martronics. Martronics is considered to be a philosophy for marine systems design which draws upon a number of discipline areas that need to be utilized in a synergetic manner in order to obtain optimum solutions. A brief historical perspective of the development of marine control systems, which are related to the martronics philosophy, is given and a suggestion for the educational curriculum requirements for a degree course in martronics is outlined. This is followed by two different case studies which illustrate the conceptual ideas of this philosophical approach.
WiseEAnimatronics: A guide to animated displays (Butterworth-HeinemannOxford, UK2000)
6.
The Times, 15 October 1878.
7.
BennettSA history of control engineering 1800–1930 (Peter PeregrinusStevenage, UK1997)
8.
FossenT I‘A survey of nonlinear ship control: From theory to practice.’ In Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Conference onManoeuvring and control of marine craft, Aalborg, Denmark, 2000, pp. 1–16.
SperryE A‘Automatic steering.’Trans. Soc. Nav. Archit. Mar. Engrs XXX (1922): 53–57
11.
MinorskiN‘Directional stability of automatic steered bodies.’J. Am. Soc. Nav. Engr34 (2) (1922): 280–309
12.
LauvdalTSorensenAAdnanesA-K.StrandJ-P.HansenJ FSordalenO J‘Marintronics: Optimizing marine power and automation systems through industrial IT.’ABB Rev.1 (2000): 28–34
FerreiroL DShips and science: The birth of naval architecture in the scientific revolution, 1600–1800 (MIT Press, Cambridge and London2007)
15.
RobertsG NSuttonRAdvances in unmanned marine vehicles (2006) Vol. 69 (Institution of Electrical Engineers, London).
16.
LoebisDSuttonRChudleyJ‘A Review of multi-sensor data fusion techniques and their application to autonomous underwater vehicle navigation.’J. Mar. Engng Technol.1 (A1) (2002): 3–14
17.
LoebisDAn intelligent navigation system for an autonomous underwater vehicle PhD Thesis, University of Plymouth, UK, 2004.
18.
NaeemWSuttonRAhmadSBurnsR S‘A Review of guidance laws applicable to unmanned underwater vehicles.’J. Navig.51 (1) (2003): 15–29
19.
NaeemWSuttonRChudleyJDalgleishF RTetlowS‘An online genetic algorithm based model predictive control autopilot design with experimental verification.’Int. J. Control78 (14/20) (2005): 1076–1090
20.
PerezTShip motion control: Course keeping and roll stabilisation using rudder and fins (Springer2005)
21.
AllenJ E‘The stabilisation of ships by activated fins.’Trans. Inst. Nav. Architects87 (1945): 123–159
22.
BellJ‘Ship steering controls and computation.’Trans. Inst. Nav. Architects99 (1957): 729–724
23.
BellJ‘Ship stabilisation: Automatic controls, computed in practice.’Trans. IEE, Part B104 (1957): 20–26
24.
ConnollyJ E‘Rolling and its stabilisation by active fins.’Trans. R. Inst. Nav. Architects111 (1968): 21–48
25.
LloydA. R. J. M.‘Roll stabiliser fins: A design study.’Trans. R. Inst. Nav. Architects116 (1974): 233–254
26.
RobertsG N‘A note on the applicability of rudder roll stabilisation for ships.’ In Proceedings of the American Control Conference, San Francisco, US, 1993, pp. 2403–2407.
27.
van der MolenG‘Study on effect of rudder slew rate on roll stabilisation.’ The Advanced Control Technology Club, Industrial Systems and Control Limited, Glasgow, 2004, Case Study Report ACT/CS27/2004.
CowleyJ BLambertT H‘The use of the rudder as a roll stabiliser.’ In Proceedings of 3rd Ship Control Systems Symposium, Bath, UK, 1972 Vol. C.
30.
van AmerongenJKlugtP G Mvan Naute LemkeH‘Rudder roll stabilisation of ships.’Automatica26 (1990): 670–690
31.
BlankeMAdrianJLarsenK EBentsenJ‘Rudder roll damping in coastal region sea conditions.’ In Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Conference onManoeuvring and control of marine craft, Aalborg, Denmark, 2000, pp. 39–44.
32.
RobertsG NSharifM TSuttonRAgarwalA‘Robust control methodology applied to the design of a combined steering/stabiliser system for warships. IEE Proc.,’Control Theory Applic.144 (2) (1997): 128–136
33.
TanguyHLebretGDoucyO‘Multi-objective optimisation of PID and H∞ fin/rudder roll controllers.’ In Proceedings of the 6th IFAC Conference onManoeuvring and control of marine craft, Girona, Spain, 2003, pp. 179–184.
34.
KatebiM R‘A two layer controller for integrated fin and rudder roll stabilisation.’ In Proceedings of IFAC Conference onControl applications in marine systems, Ancona, Italy, July 2004, pp. 101–106.
35.
MorseA S‘Supervisory control of families of linear set-point controllers, part 1: Exact matching.’IEEE Trans. on Autom. Control (1996): 41, 1413–1431
36.
NarendraK SBalakrishanJ‘Adaptive control using multiple models.’IEEE Trans. on Autom. Control42 (1997): 171–187
37.
CrosslandP‘The effect of roll stabilisation controllers on warship operational performance.’ In Proceedings of the 5th IFAC Conference onManoeuvring and control of marine craft, Aalborg, Denmark, 2000, pp. 31–37.
38.
RobertsG NCournouVVinsonneauBBurnhamK J‘Parallel multi-model switched control for ship roll stabilization.’Proc. IMechE, Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment220 (M2) (2006): 53–65 DOI: 10.1243/14750902JEME57.
39.
StaffordBOsborneN‘Technology development for steering and stabilizers.’Proc. IMechE, Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment222 (M2) (2008): 41–52 DOI: 10.1243/14750902JEME82.
40.
SalvendyGHandbook of human factors and ergonomics, 3rd edition (Wiley, Chichester2006)
