With conventional diesel combustion, heterogeneity of the mixture has been one of the major difficulties in improving the NOx and particulate matter (PM) trade-off or relationship. Premixed (injection completed before ignition) compression ignition (PCI) combustion significantly improves the fuel-air mixture quality and consequently improves the cleanliness of diesel combustion. This research examines premixed diesel combustion near top dead centre (TDC) with a hole-type nozzle suitable for fuel-air mixture formation at high temperature and air density. This combustion concept can simultaneously reduce NOx and smoke emissions by increasing the turbulent mixing rate. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were lower than premixed diesel combustion with injection earlier in the cycle. This combustion system can also be used in conventional diesel combustion mode, in which it has also shown good performance. This paper describes such a dual mode system for practical application of PCI combustion. The system can be switched between conventional diesel combustion and PCI combustion modes. Also discussed is the need for developing new control technology specific to PCI combustion.
OnishiS.JoS. H.ShodaK.JoP. D.KatoS.Active thermo-atmosphere combustion (ATAC) - a new combustion process for internal combustion enginesSAE Trans.1979, 88, Section 2, paper 790501.
ThringR. H.Homogeneous-charge compression ignition (HCCI) enginesSAE paper 892068, 1989.
5.
FurutaniM.OhtaY.KonoM.HasegawaM.An ultra-lean premixed compression-ignition engine concept and its characteristics In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium COMODIA 98, Kyoto, 1998, pp. 173–177 (Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Japan).
6.
YanagiharaH.A simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot in diesel engines under a new combustion system (uniform bulky combustion system UNIBUS) In Proceedings of the 17th International Vienna Motor Symposium, 1996, pp. 303–314 (The Austrian Society of Automotive Engineers).
7.
TakedaY.NakagomeK.NiimuraK.Emission characteristics of premixed lean diesel combustion with extremely early staged fuel injectionSAE paper 961163, 1996.
8.
MatsuiY.KimuraS.KoikeS.A new combustion concept for small DI diesel engines. 1st report: Introduction of basic combustion technologyTrans. Soc. Automot. Engrs Japan1997, 961, 41–46 (in Japanese).
9.
ShimazakiN.AkagawaH.TsujimuraK.Attempt of premixed lean diesel combustion with high pressure fuel injection nearly TDC In Proceedings of the 76th Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers Fall Annual Meeting, 1998, 98-3, pp. 563–564 (in Japanese with English summary).
10.
ShimazakiN.NishimuraT.Improvement of exhaust emissions of premixed compression ignition engine with fuel injection near top dead center In Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers Autumn Conference, October 2001, JSAE Technical Paper 20015506 (in Japanese with English summary).
11.
ShimazakiN.TsurushimaT.NishimuraT.Dual mode combustion concept with premixed diesel combustion by direct injection near top dead centerSAE Trans., J. Engines, 2003, paper 2003-01-0742.
12.
YokotaH.KudoY.NakajimaH.Observation of NOx and soot formation in premixed diesel combustion In Proceedings of the 17th Internal Combustion Engine Symposium, October 2002, pp. 217–222 (in Japanese).
KitanoK.NishiumiR.TsukasakiY.TanakaT.MorinagaM.Effects of fuel properties on premixed charge compression ignition combustion in a direct injection diesel engineSAE paper 2003-01-1815, 2003.
15.
BürglerL.GlensvigM.NeunteuflK.WeißbäckM.Vehicle application with alternative diesel combustionMTZ2005, 66, 866.
16.
HardyW. L.ReitzR. D.A study of the effects of high EGR, high equivalence ratio, and mixing time on emissions levels in a heavy-duty diesel engine for PCCI combustionSAE paper 2006-01-0026, 2006.
17.
KandaT.HakozakiT.UchimotoT.HatanoJ.KitayamaN.SonoH.PCCI operation with fuel injection timing set close to TDCSAE paper 2006-01-0920, 2006.
18.
BuchwaldR.LautrichG.MaiwaldO.SommerA.Boost and EGR system for the highly premixed diesel combustionSAE paper 2006-01-0204, 2006.
19.
OkudeL.MoriK.ShiinoS.MoriyaT.Premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion for simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot in diesel engineSAE paper 2004-01-1907, 2004.
20.
SteinJ. O.DürnholzM.WirbeleitF.KoppC.BenzC.Homogeneous diesel combustion for realization of lowest emissions. 13th Aachen Colloquium, 2004, see http://www.rwth-aachen.de/ac-kolloquium
21.
KusakaJ.SuzukiK.MiyoshiA.DaishoY.Study on combustion in light-duty diesel engines - the effect of fuel properties for PCI (premixed compression ignition) combustion In Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers Autumn Conference, October 2004, JSAE Technical Paper 20045751.
22.
AmsdenA. A.O'RourkeP. J.ButlerT. D.KIVA-II: A computer program for chemically reactive flows with sprays. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report, 1989, LA-11560-MS.
23.
IshiiY.ZhangL.Prediction of DI diesel engine emissions with multidimensional simulationTrans. JSAE1999, 30(2), 37–42 (in Japanese with English summary).
24.
MinatoA.TanakaT.NishimuraT.Investigation of premixed lean diesel combustion with ultra-high-pressure injectionSAE Trans., J. Engines, 2005, paper 2005-01-0914.
25.
AkihamaK.TakatoriY.InagakiK.SasakiS.DeanA. M.Mechanism of the smokeless rich diesel combustion by reduced temperatureSAE paper 2001-01-0655, 2001.
26.
SasakiS.ItoT.IguchiS.Smoke-less rich combustion by low temperature oxidation in diesel engines In Proceedings of Aachen Colloquium on Automobile and Engine Technology, 2000, p. 767.
