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Abstract

In human joints, hydrated surface layer is formed on articular cartilage with proteoglycan molecules exposed to the surface. The mechanism of lubrication between the surface layer and a prism was studied experimentally with a porcine knee cartilage. When total reflection is achieved, the field of evanescent wave is formed near the prism surface. The reflectance is attenuated when collagen fibre approaches the prism. Thus, collagen fibre content close to the interface can be estimated from the attenuation of reflectance. Friction force and attenuation of reflectance increase during sliding under load due to exudation of water from the surface layer. After short preloading (10 s), high reflectance, low friction force, and low adhesion force are kept until the end of the sliding test for 20 s. In contrast, the effect of hydration lubrication is almost lost during preloading for a long time (300 s). The experimental result shows that attachment of the proteoglycan molecules to the prism causes both adhesion and friction and the water attracted by the proteoglycan molecules in the surface layer prevents adhesion and reduce friction. The mechanism of hydration lubrication in this study is supported by the positive correlation between adhesive force and friction force.

Keywords

articular cartilage hydration lubrication evanescent wave adhesion friction

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Study of hydration lubrication on cartilage surface using evanescent wave

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