Piezoceramics have been increasingly popular and utilized for the purpose of micro-actuation. The choice of material internal poling directions for such geometries depends upon the type of actuation desired in each application. There are no generalized analysis procedures that have been developed to be able to predict the response of such actuator geometries. In this work, a finite element model has been developed to analyse axisymmetric piezoceramic actuators with arbitrary internal poling. The finite element methodology is verified by demonstrating favourable agreement between the numerical results obtained in this study with the results published for an inkjet printer application. In addition, the design of a piezoceramic nozzle is investigated with both single-layer and stacked axisymmetric piezoceramic geometries. Such piezoceramic nozzles and orifices can be effectively employed in various sensitive fluid control applications.
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