Understanding the differences between the wear of metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-metal total hip replacements

Abstract

Hip simulator studies have been carried out extensively to understand and test artificial hip implants in vitro as an efficient alternative to obtaining long-term results in vivo. Recent studies have shown that a ceramic-on-metal material combination lowers the wear by up to 100 times in comparison with a typical metal-on-metal design. The reason for this reduction remains unclear and for this reason this study has undertaken simple tribometer tests to understand the fundamental material loss mechanisms in two material combinations: metal-on-metal and ceramic-on-ceramic.

A simple-configuration reciprocating pin-on-plate wear study was performed under open-circuit potential (OCP) and with applied cathodic protection (CP) in a serum solution using two tribological couples: firstly, cobalt—chromium (Co—Cr) pins against Co—Cr plates; secondly, Co—Cr pins against alumina (Al₂O₃) plates. The pin and plate surfaces prior to and after testing were examined by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy.

The results showed a marked reduction in wear when CP was applied, indicating that total material degradation under the OCP condition was attributed to corrosion processes. The substitution of the Co—Cr pin with an Al₂O₃ plate also resulted in a dramatic reduction in wear, probably due to the reduction in the corrosion—wear interactions between the tribological pair.