The measurement of the absolute displacement of a noisy disc brake

Abstract

The investigation of in-plane vibration of a noisy disc brake is problematic because it is difficult both to measure and to verify. Because of the disc structure and the inability to visualize disc in-plane vibration, there has been reluctance by researchers to accept the contribution of a displacement parallel to the surface of the object, or in-plane displacement, to noise generation. In addition to measuring absolute displacement, it has been difficult to isolate the in-plane and out-of-plane components of displacement using either non-contact or conventional displacement measurement techniques. This paper investigates absolute displacement of a brake disc during noise generation. Double-pulsed holographic interferometry is used to record a series of time-related images of the brake head from three different angles of observation. Because each image views the brake head from a different perspective, each of them records a different degree of in-plane and out-of-plane displacement. By careful analysis of the three images, it is possible to isolate the in-plane displacement from the out-of-plane displacement. The time-related series allows the displacement to be investigated over a full cycle of excitation and so create an animation of the mode of vibration. It is seen that the in-plane displacement is complex and that its amplitude may be about twice that of the out-of-plane displacement.

Keywords

absolute displacement noisy disc brake in-plane vibration

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Felske

Hoppe

Vibration analysis by double pulse laser holography. SAE Paper 7700330, 1980.

Felske

Hoppe

Matthäi

Oscillations in squealing disc brakes - an analysis of vibration modes by holographic interferometry. SAE Paper 780333, 1980.

Murakami

Tsunda

Kitamura

A study concerned with a mechanism of disc brake squeal. SAE Paper 841233, 1984.

Nishiwaki

Haranda

Okamura

Ikeuchi

Study on brake squeal. SAE Paper 890864, 1989.

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Newcomb

Double pulsed holography used to investigate noisy brakes. Optics Lasers Engng, 1996, 25, 455–494.

Talbot

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Investigation of inplane disc vibration using laser holography. SAE paper 2002 01–2607.

Talbot

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Fourier analysis of holographic data from a noisy disc brake and its implication for modelling. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs Part D: J. Automobile Engineering, 2003, 217(11), 975–984.

Fischer

Bendel

Hot on the trail of squealing brakes. Application report, LM INFO: laser measurement systems, issue 1, 2004, pp. 8–9.

Bendel

Fischer

Schüssler

Vibrational analysis of power tools using a novel three-dimensional scanning vibrometer. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Vibration measurements by laser techniques: advances and Applications, in Proceedings of the SPIE, Ancona, Italy, vol. 5503, 22–25 June 2004, pp. 177–184 (SPIE, Bellingham, Washington).

10.

Wang

Ettemeyer

Pulsed ESPI to solve dynamic problem. Application report 04–97, Dr Ettemeyer GmbH & Co., Neu-Ulm, Germany, 1997.

11.

Wang

Walz

Ettemeyer

3D-pulse ESPI technique for measurement of dynamic structure response. In Proceedings of the 18th Modal Analysis Conference: Conference and Exhibition on Structural dynamics (IMAC XVIII), in Proceedings of SPIE, San Antonio, Texas, USA, vol. 4062 (2), 2000, pp. 1362–1368 (SPIE, Bellingham, Washington).

12.

Mayer

Schubert

Steinbichler

Pulsed laser ESPI technology as a quantitative modal testing technique. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Noise and vibration engineering (ISMA 25), Leuven, Belgium, 2000 (Katholieke Univeristeit Leuven, Leuven).

13.

Krupka

Walz

Ettemeyer

New techniques and applications for 3D-brake vibration analysis. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Brake Colloquium and Engineering Display, San Diego, California, USA, 1–4 October 2000, SAE paper 2000–01–2772 (SAE International, Warrendale, Pennsylvania).

14.

Reeves

Taylor

Edwards

Williams

Buckberry

C. H.

A study of brake disc modal behaviour during squeal generation using high-speed electronic speckle pattern interferometry and near-field pressure measurement. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs Part D: J. Automobile Engineering, 2000, 214(3), 285–296.

15.

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Talbot

Steel

W. P.

Crampton

The measurement of in-plane vibration characteristics of a noisy twin caliper disc brake. In Internoise 2003, Proceedings of the 32nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Jeju, Republic of Korea, 25–28 August 2003, pp. 135–142.

16.

Talbot

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Steel

W. P.

Crampton

Modelling in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations in disc brake squeal. In Internoise 2003, Proceedings of the 32nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Jeju, Republic of Korea, 25–28 August 2003, pp. 3003–3011.

17.

Steel

W. P.

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Talbot

Crampton

In-plane vibration investigations of a noisy disc brake. In Braking 2004: vehicle braking and chassis control, Leeds, UK, 7–9 July 2004, pp. 103–112 (Professional Engineering Publishing, London).

18.

Goshtasby

Registration of images with geometric distortions. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 1988, 26(1), 60–64.

19.

Gonzalez

Digital image processing, 1993, pp. 189–201 (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts).

20.

Steel

W. P.

Absolute displacement measurement of noisy disc brakes using holographic interferometry PhD Thesis, The University of Huddersfield, July 2005.

21.

Fieldhouse

J. D.

Beveridge

A visual noise investigation of a twin caliper disc brake. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Brake Colloquium and Engineering Display, San Diego, California, USA, 1–4 October 2000, SAE paper 2000–01–2771, pp. 111–122 (SAE International, Warrendale, Pennsylvania).