Improved combustion submodels for modelling gasoline engines with the level set G equation and detailed chemical kinetics

Abstract

Five combustion submodels have been improved for modelling gasoline engines with the level set G equation and detailed chemical kinetics. These combustion submodels include a transport equation residual model, the introduction of a Damkohler criterion model for assessing the combustion regime of flame-containing cells, the precise calculation of ‘primary heat release’ based on the subgrid scale unburned or burned volumes of flame-containing cells, the modelling of flame front quenching in highly stratified mixtures, and a recently developed primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism. In the transport equation residual model a fictitious species concept is introduced to account for the residual gases in the cylinder, which have a great effect on the laminar flame speed. The residual gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and nitrogen (N₂) remaining from the previous engine cycle or introduced using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). This pseudo-species is described by a transport equation. The transport equation residual model differentiates between CO₂ and H₂O from the previous engine cycle or EGR and that which is from the combustion products of the current engine cycle. The Damkohler criterion model is based on a comparison between a laminar flame propagation timescale and the chemical kinetics timescale to determine whether the level set G-equation model or chemical kinetics should be used for assessing the combustion processes in flame-containing cells. The results from implementation of the Damkohler model range between the G-equation model and pure chemistry, depending on the conditions. The improved primary-heat-release calculation model precisely considers the chemical kinetics heat release in unburned regions of flame-containing cells and thus is thought to be physically reasonable. The simulation results show that the flame-front-quenching model effectively captures the flame quench phenomenon in highly stratified mixtures which are typical in gasoline direct-injection engines. Validation of the new PRF mechanism shows that the calculated ignition delay matches shock tube data very well over a wide range of conditions. The integrated model was used to simulate the combustion process in a gasoline turbocharged direct-injection engine, and the same set of combustion model parameters for both high loads and low loads were used. For both high-load and low-load operating conditions, good agreement with the experimental in-cylinder pressure, heat release rates, and mass fraction burned data was obtained.

Keywords

internal combustion engine combustion modelling spark ignition flame propagation detailed chemical kinetics

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