Reduction of NO x,smoke and brake specific fuel consumption with optimal injection timing and emulsion ratio of water-emulsified diesel

Abstract

This paper reports the test results of a diesel engine at different engine speeds, injection timings and emulsion ratios with water-emulsified fuel. Results show that both NO_x and smoke may be reduced significantly at the same brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) at high engine speeds above 1400 r/min. At low engine speeds below 1000 r/min NO_x may be reduced slightly with minor penalty in the b.s.f.c. with no overall gain in use of emulsion fuel. In the tested range of water-oil ratio by volume of 0-40 there was no significant deterioration in the HC and CO emissions and the combustion stability in terms of cyclic variations of the peak cylinder pressure. It may be necessary to employ accurate electronic control of the injection timing as a function of load and speed to maintain the optimum operating condition with emulsion fuel.

Keywords

diesel engine emulsion fuel b.s.f.c.smoke

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Tsukahara

Murayama

Yoshimoto

Influence of fuel properties on the combustion in diesel engine driven by the emulsified fuel. J. Jap. Soc. Mech. Engrs, 1982, 25(202), 612–619.

Tsukahara

Murayama

Yoshimoto

Influence of combustion chamber configurations on the combustion in diesel engine driven by the emulsified fuel. J. Jap. Soc. Mech. Engrs, 1982, 25(208), 1567–1573.

Tsukahara

Yoshimoto

W/O emulsion realizes low smoke and efficient operation of DI engines without high pressure injection. SAE technical papers 890449 and 960033, 1989 and 1996.

Tsukahara

Yoshimoto

Reduction of NO_x, smoke, BSFC, and maximum combustion pressure by low compression ratios in a diesel engine fuelled by emulsified fuel. SAE technical paper 920464, 1992.

Yoshimoto

Tsukahara

Kuramoto

Improvement of BSFC by reducing diesel engine cooling losses with emulsified fuel. SAE technical paper 962022, 1996.

Yoshimoto

Onodera

Damaki

Reduction of NO_x, smoke, and BSFC in a diesel engine fueled by biodiesel emulsion with used frying oil. SAE technical paper 1999-01-3598, 1999.

Gunnerman

R. W.

Russell

R. L.

Emission and efficiency benefits of emulsified fuels to internal combustion engines. SAE technical paper 972099, 1997.

Ishida

Chen

Z. L.

An analysis of the added water effect on NO formation in D.I. diesel engines. SAE technical paper 941691, 1994.

Dodge

L. G.

Leone

D. M.

Naegeli

D. W.

Dickey

D. W.

Swenson

K. R.

A PC-based model for predicting NO_x reductions in diesel engines. SAE technical paper 962060, 1996.

10.

Sheng

H. Z.

Chen

C. K.

The droplet group micro-explosions in W/O diesel fuel emulsion sprays. SAE technical paper 950855, 1995.

11.

Park

J. W.

Huh

K. Y.

Park

K. H.

Experimental study on the combustion characteristics of emulsified diesel in a rapid compression and expansion machine. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2000, 214(D5), 579–586.

12.

Heywood

J. B.

Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, 1988, pp. 497–502 (McGraw-Hill, New York).

13.

Murayama

Monshima

Tsukahara

Miyamoto

Experimental reduction of NO_x and smoke, and BSFC in a diesel engine using uniquely produced water (0–80%) to fuel emulsion. SAE paper 780224, 1978.

14.

Greeves

Khan

I. M.

Onion

Effects of water introduction on diesel engine combustion and emissions. In Proceedings of Sixteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, 1976, pp. 321–336 (Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania).