Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) systems with a significant level of human-computer interaction are often inefficient. This is particularly problematical for those users who have to interact with multiple subsystem interfaces. These difficulties can be traced back to the fact that representation of the user in existing manufacturing models and systems is inadequate. An approach that increases user representation to improve CIM interface design is proposed, in which stereotype-based user and task models are used to specify a common user interface for each individual system user. An overview of the architecture is followed by discussion of an application domain (statistical process control) in which a demonstrator based on the architecture has been tested.
RichE.User modelling via stereotypes. Cognitive Sci., 1979, 3, 329–354.
2.
MitchellC.SundströmG.Human interaction with complex systems: Design issues and research approaches. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics—Part A: Systems and Humans, 1997, 27(3).
3.
ESPRIT Consortium AMICE CIMOSA: Open Systems Architecture for CIM, 2nd extended and revised version, 1993 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
4.
BernusP.NemesL.A framework to define a generic enterprise reference architecture and methodology. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision (ICARCV′94), Singapore, 1994.
5.
SchneidermanB.Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Exxecptive Human-Computer Interaction, 2nd edition, 1992 (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts).
6.
IBM Systems Application Architecture: Common User Access Guide to User Interface Design, 1991, IBM Document SC34-4289-00 (IBM).
7.
BaileyR.Human Performance Engineering: Using Human Factors/Ergonomics to Achieve Computer Usability, 2nd edition, 1989 (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey).
8.
NielsenJ.Designing Computer Interfaces for International Use, 1990 (Elsevier Science Publishers, Oxford).
9.
WickensC.Engineering Psychology and Human Performance, 1984 (Merrill).
ANSI Standard 100-1988 American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display Terminal Workstations, 1988.
12.
HelanderM. (Ed.) Handbook of HCI, 1990 (North-Holland, Amsterdam).
13.
van HoeR.PoupeyeK.VandierendonckA.de SoeteG.Some effects of menu characteristics and user personality on performance with menu-driven interfaces. Behaviour and Information Technol., 1990, 9(1), 17–29.
14.
CardS.MoranT.NewellA.The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction, 1983 (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey).
15.
VernadatF.Enterprise Modeling and Integration: Principles and Applications, 1996 (Chapman and Hall, London).
16.
MonfaredR. P.WestonR. H.The re-engineering and reconfiguration of manufacturing cell control systems and reuse of their components. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 1997, 211(B7), 495–508.
17.
KayJ.Lies, damned lies and stereotypes: Pragmatic approximations of users. In 4th International Conference on User Modelling, 1994.
18.
IFIP-IFAC Task Force GERAM:Generalised Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology Version 1.5, 1997.
19.
RichE.Users are individuals: Individualizing user models. Int. J. Man-Mach. Stud., 1983, 18, 199–214.
20.
KassR.FininT.General user modeling: A facility to support intelligent interaction. In Intelligent User Interfaces (Eds SullivanJ.TylerS.), 1991, pp. 293–337 (ACM, New York).
21.
CouttsI.MSI Application Libraries Version 0.5. Internal Report of the MSI Research Institute, Loughborough University, 1995.
22.
MowbrayT.The Essential CORBA: Systems Integration Using Distributed Objects, 1995 (John Wiley, New York).
23.
US Department of LaborDictionary of Occupational Titles, 4th edition, 1977 (Government Printing Office, Washington, DC).
24.
FoxM.BarbuceanuM.GruningerM.An organization ontology for enterprise modelling—preliminary concepts for linking structure and behaviour. InComputers in Industry, 1996, 29(1-2), 123–134.
25.
SowaJ.Conceptual Structures: Information Processing in Mind and Machine, 1984 (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts).
26.
GardinerM.ChristieB. (Eds) Applying Cognitive Psychology to User Interface Design, 1987 (John Wiley, Chichester).
27.
MonfaredR. P.BowenB. A.HodgsonA.WestA. A.Implementing a model-based generic user interface for CIM systems. Proc. Instn Mech. Engrs, Part B, Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 1998, 212(B7), 501–516.
28.
FininT.GUMS: A general user modeling shell. In User Models in Dialog Systems (Eds KobsaA.WahlsterW.), 1989 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
29.
KobsaA.PohlW.The user modeling shell system BGP-MS. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 1995, 4(2), 59–106.
30.
BrajnikG.TassoC.A flexible tool for developing user modeling applications with nonmonotonic reasoning capabilities. In Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on User Modeling, 1992, pp. 42–66.
31.
KuipersE.WilsonM.A man-machine interface for multimodal interaction with knowledge based systems (MMI2). In Proceedings of the East-West HCI Workshop, St Petersburg, 1992.
32.
FinkJ.KobsaA.SchreckJ.Personalized hypermedia information provision through adaptive and adaptable system features: User modeling, privacy and security issues. In Fourth International Conference on Intelligence in Systems and Networks (IS&N 97), Como, Italy, 1997.
33.
ArcieriF.Dell'OlmoP.NardelliE.VoccaP.A user modelling system. In Human Aspects of Computing: Design and Use of Interactive Systems and Work with Terminals (Ed. BullingerH.-J.), 1991 (Elsevier Science Publishers, Oxford).
34.
ChinD.KNOME: Modeling what the user knows in UC. In User Modeling in Dialog Systems (Eds KobsaA.WahlsterW.), 1989 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin).
35.
SearsA.Layout appropriateness: A metric for evaluating user interface widget layout. IEEE Trans. Software Engng, 1993, 19(7), 707–719.
