Stress analyses are performed using the finite element method (FE) for a lug under various conditions. The effects of the clearance between pin and hole, the pin load magnitude, the contact condition, and the relative pin/lug rigidities etc. are investigated. The effect of some durability improvement techniques, such as interference fitting, bushing, and cold working are also investigated. Significant results are obtained which can improve both the understanding of the stress state in a lug and the design of a durable lug.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
SchijveJ.‘Fatigue of lugs’, Contribution to the theory of aircraft structures, (Edited by van der NeutA.), 1972, (Nijgh-Wolters Noordhoff United Press), pp. 423–440.
2.
ImpellizzeriL. F.RichD. L.‘Spectrum Fatigue crack growth in lugs’, Fatigue crack growth under spectrum loads, ASTM STP 595, 1976, (ASTM, Philadelphia), pp. 320–336.
3.
WanhillR. J.H.‘Calculation of stress intensity factors for corner cracking in a lug’, Fracture mechanics design methodology, 1977, AGARD CP221, p. 8.
4.
SchijveJ.HoeymakersA. H. W.‘Fatigue crack growth in lugs and the stress intensity factor’, Rept. LR-273, 1978, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands.
5.
HsuT. M.‘Analysis of cracks at attachment lugs’AIAA, 1981, 18, 755–760.
6.
ZatzI. J.EidinoffArmenH.Jr.‘An application of the energy release rate concept to crack growth in attachment lugs’, AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AMS 22nd Structure, Structural Dynamics and Material Conference, Part 1, 1981, 402–415.
7.
HsuT. M.KathiresanK.‘Analysis of cracks at an attachment lug having an interference-fit bushing’, Fracture mechanics: Fourteenth symposium. Vol. 1: Theory and analysis. ASTM STP 791, (Edited by LewisJ. C.SinesG.), 1983, pp. 172–193.
8.
Van Der VeldenR. V.LouwaardE. P.‘Finite element analysis of cracked pin-loaded lugs’, Proceedings of the 12th ICAF Symposium, 1983, pp. 1.5/1–1.5/52.
9.
MoonJ. E.‘Crack growth in pin loaded lugs’, Eleventh ICAF Symposium, The Netherlands, 1981.
10.
MoonJ. E.‘The effect of frictional forces on fatigue crack growth in lugs’, Proceedings of the 12th ICAF Symposium, 1983, pp. 1–6.
11.
SaoumaV. E.ZatzI. J.‘An automated finite element procedure for fatigue crack propagation analyses’, Engng Fracture Mech., 1984, 20, 321–333.
12.
KathiresanK.BrussatT. R.‘Advanced life analysis methods — crack growth analysis methods for attachment lugs’, AFWAL-TR-84–3080, Vol. II, 1984.
13.
KathiresanK.BrussatT. R.‘Advanced life analysis methods — experimental evaluation of crack growth analysis methods for attachment lugs’, AFWAL-TR-84–3080, Vol. III, 1984.
14.
GianniN.‘Experimental characterization of cracks at straight attachment lugs’, Engng. Fracture Mech., 1985, 22, 829–838.
15.
KathiresanK.BrussatT. R.RuddJ. L.‘Crack growth analyses and correlations for attachment lugs’, J. Aircraft, 1985, 22.
GianniN.‘Experimental characterization of cracks at open holes and in rounded-end straight attachment lugs’, Fatigue in mechanically fastened composite and metallic joints, ASTM STP 927, (Edited by PotterJ. M.), 1986, (ASTM, Philadelphia), pp. 150–171.
18.
ABAQUS manual, 1989, Hibbitt, Karlsson and Sorenson, Inc.
19.
GencozO.GoransonU. G.MerrilR. R.‘Application of finite element analysis techniques for predicting crack propagation in lugs’, Int. J. Fatigue, 1980, 121–129.
20.
WangG. S.‘An elastic-plastic solution for a normally loaded center hole in a finite circular body’, Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping1988, 33, 269–284.
