The yield surface response to plastic deformation of a range of pressure vessel steels has been investigated, and the results are presented in the form of families of yield loci, for a range of pre-stress directions and magnitudes. A single empirical relationship is derived which is shown to be representative, within reasonable accuracy, of all materials tested, the only specified material property being the uniaxial yield stress. Use of this empirical model is illustrated in predicting the shakedown loads for three pressure vessel components.
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