In this paper the analytical results of two normally intersecting cylindrical shells subjected to external moments on the ends of main shells are presented. The thin shell theoretical solutions are obtained on the basis of the modified Morley equation for the main shell with a cut out with large diameter ratio and of the Goldenveizer equation for the branch tube with a nonplaner end. The results are in good agreement with the previous test results and with Moffat's three-dimensional finite element method results. The design curves based on the present solution can be applied to d/D ≤ 0.8 successfully.
EringenA. C.SuhubiE. S.Stress distribution at two normally intersecting cylindrical shellsNucl. Structural Engng, 1965, 2, 235–270.
2.
BijlaardP. P.Stresses from local loading in cylindrical pressure vesselsTrans. ASME, 1955, 77, 805–812.
3.
QianL. X.TangX. J.ZhongW. X.YangM. S.ChenH. R.ShunL. H.General solution of cylindrical shells with cut-out (in Chinese)J. Dalian Inst. Technol., 1965, 3 (4), 1–23.
4.
LekerkerkerJ. G.The determination of elastic stresses near cylinder-to-cylinder intersectionNucl. Engng Des., 1972, 20, 57–84.
5.
SteeleC. R.SteeleM. L.Stress analysis of nozzle in cylindrical vessels with external loadTrans. ASME, J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 1983, 105, 191–200.
6.
MoffatD. G.MwenifumboJ. A. M.XuS. H.MistryJ.Effective stress factors for piping branch junctions due to internal pressure and external moment loadsJ. Strain Analysis, 1991, 26 (2), 85–101.
7.
AyobA. B.MoffatD. G.MistryJ.Interaction of pressure and moment loads on a piping branch junction using finite element analysis. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference onPressure Vessel Technology, Vol. 2, Design and Analysis, 1996, pp. 185–196 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).
8.
AfshariP.WideraG. E. O.NatarajanR.XuXLuJ.BhatacharyaR. K.Analysis of shell intersections. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference onPressure Vessel Technology, Dusseldorf, Germany, 1992, p. 378 (American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York).
9.
BS 806:1990 Specification for Ferrous Pipes and Piping Installations for and in Connection with Land Boilers, Appendix H, Issue 1, December 1992 (British Standards Institution, London).
10.
XueM. D.DengY.HwangK. C.Some results on analytical solution of cylindrical shells with large openingTrans. ASME, J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 1991, 113, 297–307.
11.
DengY.HwangK. C.XueM. D.The stress analysis of cylindrical shells with rigid inclusions having a large ratio of radii. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference onStructural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Tokyo, 1991, F05/2, pp. 85–90.
12.
XueM. D.ChenW.DengY.HwangK. C.The thin shell theoretical solution for cylindrical shells with large openings (in Chinese)Acta Mechanica Sinca, 1995, 27 (4), 482–488.
13.
XueM. D.ChenW.HwangK. C.Stresses at the intersection of two cylindrical shellsNucl. Engng Des., 1995, 54, 231–238.
14.
XueM. D.HwangK. C.LuW.ChenW.A reinforcement design method based on analysis of large openings in cylindrical pressure vesselsTrans. ASME, J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 1996, 118, 502–506.
15.
Professional Standards of China JB-4732–95 Steel Pressure Vessels—Design by Analysis, 1995 (China National Standards Committee on Pressure Vessels, Beijing).
16.
TimoshenkoS.Woinowsky-KriegerS.Theory of Plates and Shells, 1959 (McGraw-Hill, New York).
17.
GoldenveizerA. L.Theory of Elastic Thin Shells, 1961 (Pergamon, Oxford).
18.
HwangK. C.LuM. W.XueM. D.Theory of Thin Shells (in Chinese), 1988 (Advanced Education Press, Beijing).
19.
XueM. D.WangH. H.ChenW.HwangK. C.Analytical solution for cylindrical thin shells with normally intersecting nozzles due to external moments on the ends of shellsSci. China, Ser. A, 1999, 42 (3), 293–304.
20.
CorumJ. M.BoltS. E.GreenstreetW. L.GawltneyR. C.Theoretical and experimental stress analysis of ORNL thin shell cylinder to cylinder Model-1. Report 4553, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1974.
21.
BatheK. J.WilsonE. L.Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis, 1976 (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey).
22.
XueM. D.LuQ. H.ZhuangR. Q.WeiZ. Z.Stress and strength analysis by FEM of fibre reinforced plastic pipe tees subjected to internal pressureInt. J. Pressure Vessel Piping, 1996, 67, 11–15.
