This article reports a survey of 447 graduate psychology programs in the United States and Canada concerning preparation of graduate students for classroom teaching and supervising the work of others in applied and research settings. Attitudes toward the appropriateness of preparation in each of these three areas of teaching is reported, as well as what is being done in regard to each. Data are grouped by level of degree program in which such training is provided (i.e., doctoral, master's within master's/ doctoral, or masters-only programs). Exemplars are provided as useful models for programs wishing to develop a more systematic approach to preparing their students for classroom teaching. Also, references are cited for guiding the development of training for teaching in the classroom and supervision in applied settings.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AuthierJ.GustafsonK. (1976). Application of supervised and nonsupervised microcounseling paradigms in the training of registered and licensed practical nurses. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 704–709.
2.
BlocherD. H. (1983). Supervision in counseling: II. Contemporary models of supervision: Toward a cognitive developmental approach to counseling supervision. Counseling Psychologist, 11, 27–34.
3.
BordinE. S. (1982). Supervision in counseling: II. Contemporary models of supervision: A working alliance based model of supervision. Counseling Psychologist, 11, 35–42.
4.
DoyleW. W.ForemanM. E.Jr.WalesE. (1977). Effects of supervision in the training of nonprofessional crisis-intervention counselors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 24, 72–78.
5.
Education for Research in Psychology. (1959). Report of a seminar at Estes Park, Colorado (July 28–August 22, 1958), sponsored by the Education and Training Board of the American Psychological Association and supported by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation. American Psychologist, 14, 167–179.
6.
GrashaA. F. (1978). The teaching of teaching: A seminar on college teaching. Teaching of Psychology, 5, 21–23.
7.
HandleyP. (1982). Relationship between supervisors' and trainees' cognitive styles and the supervision process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 508–515.
8.
HeppnerP. P.HandleyP. G. (1981). A study of the interpersonal influence process in supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 437–444.
9.
HessA. K.HessK. A. (1983). Psychotherapy supervision: A survey of internship training practices. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 14, 504–513.
10.
JewettL. S.GreenbergL. N.GoldbergR. M. (1982). Training of medical residents to teach. Journal of Medical Education, 57, 361–366.
11.
KaganN. (1983). Supervision in counseling: II. Integration and evaluation: Classroom to client: Issues in supervision. Counseling Psychologist, 11, 69–72.
12.
KappM. B. (1984). Supervising professional trainees: Legal implications for mental health institutions and practitioners. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 35, 143–147.
13.
LowmanJ. (1984). Mastering the technique of teaching.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
14.
McKeachieW. J. (1986). Teaching tips: A guidebook for the beginning college teacher (8th ed.). Lexington, MA: Heath.
15.
MiltonO. (1973). Alternatives to the traditional: How professors teach and how students learn.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
16.
PaivaR. E. A.KienzlerL. M.AndersonM. B. (1982). Preparation for the teaching role in residencies: An elective for medical students. Journal of Medical Education, 57, 792–794.
17.
PierceR. M.SchaubleP. G. (1970). Graduate training of facilitative counselors: The effects of individual supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 17, 210–215.
18.
ReisingG. N.DanielsM. H. (1983). A study of Hogan's model of counselor development and supervision. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30, 235–244.
19.
StappJ.TuckerA. M.VandenBosG. R. (1985). Census of psychological personnel: 1983. American Psychologist, 40, 1317–1351.
20.
ThompsonA. J. M.BlocherD. H. (1979). Co-counseling supervision in microcounseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 413–418.
21.
ValleS. K. (1984). Supervision in alcoholism counseling. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 1, 101–114.
22.
WilliamsJ. E.RichmanC. L. (1971). The graduate preparation of the college professor of psychology: A survey. American Psychologist, 26, 1000–1009.
23.
WorthingtonE. L.Jr.RoehlkeH. J. (1979). Effective supervision as perceived by beginning counselors-in-training. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 26, 64–73.
24.
WrightL. M.CoppersmithE. J. (1983). Supervision of supervision: How to be “meta” to a metaposition. Journal of Strategic and Systematic Therapies, 2, 40–50.
