Inelastic response of extended pile shafts subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading is investigated using nonlinear dynamic analyses (NDA) covering a range of soil, pile and ground motion conditions. Each soil-structure scenario was analyzed for three cases: a baseline case with soil liquefaction and superstructure inertia; a case with liquefaction, but without superstructure inertia (i.e., superstructure mass removed); and a case without liquefaction (i.e., pore pressure generation eliminated), but with superstructure inertia. Results show that the combined effects of lateral spreading and superstructure inertia produce larger demands (often by more than 50%) than are produced by either loading case alone, such that the combined demand cannot be enveloped by analyzing the two load cases separately. The results of these parametric analyses provide a database that is used in subsequent development of an equivalent static analysis (ESA) design procedure.
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