Depression and COPD: is smoking a link?

1. Lin M , Chen Y , McDowell I . Increased risk of depression in COPD patients with higher education and income . Chronic Resp Dis 2005; 2: 13–19 .

2. Van Ede L , Yzermans CJ , Brouwer HJ . Prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review . Thorax 1999; 54: 688–692 .

3. Wingate B , Hansen–Flaschen J . Anxiety and depression in advance lung disease . Clin Chest Med 1997; 18: 495–505 .

4. Chen Y , Breithaupt K , Muhajarine N . Occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex–related risk factors . J Clin Epidemiol 2000; 53: 755–761 .

5. Glassman AH . Cigarette smoking: implications for psychiatric illness . Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 546–553 .

6. Glass R . Blue mood, blackened lungs . JAMA 1990; 264: 1583–1584 .

7. Glassman AH , Covey LS , Stetner F , Rivelli S . Smoking cessation and the course of major depression: a follow–up study . Lancet 2001; 357: 1929–1932 .b