1. Reid MB . COPD as a muscle disease . Am J Respir Crit Care Med2001; 164: 1101-1105 .
2.
2. Gosselink R , Troosters T , Decramer M . Peripheral muscle weakness contributes to exercise limitation in COPD . Am J Respir Crit Care Med1996; 153: 976-980 .
3.
3. ATS and ERS . Skeletal muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . A statement of the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society. Am J Respir Crit Care Med1999; 159: S1-S40 .
4.
4. Marquis K , Debigare R , Lacasse Y et al. Midthigh muscle cross-sectional area is a better predictor of mortality than body mass index in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Am J Respir Crit Care Med2002; 166: 809-813 .
5.
5. Decramer M , Gosselink R , Troosters T , Verschueren M , Evers G . Muscle weakness is related to utilization of health care resources in COPD patients . Eur Respir J1997; 10: 417-423 .
6.
6. Lacasse Y , Brosseau L , Milne S et al. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Cochrane Database Syst Rev2002; CD003793.
7.
7. Troosters T , Gosselink R , Decramer M . Short-and long-term effects of outpatient rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial . Am J Med2000; 109: 207-212 .
8.
8. O'Donnell DE , McGuire M , Samis L , Webb KA . General exercise training improves ventilatory and peripheral muscle strength and endurance in chronic airflow limitation . Am J Respir Crit Care Med1998; 157: 1489-1497 .
9.
9. Casaburi R , Patessio A , Ioli F , Zanaboni S , Donner CF , Wasserman K . Reductions in exercise lactic acidosis and ventilation as a result of exercise training in patients with obstructive lung disease . Am Rev Respir Dis1991; 143: 9-18 .
10.
10. Casaburi R , Porszasz J , Burns MR et al. Physiologic benefits of exercise training in rehabilitation of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Am J Respir Crit Care Med1997; 155: 1541-1551 .
11.
11. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand . Exercise and physical activity for older adults . Med Sci Sports Exerc1998; 30: 992-1008 .
12.
12. O'Donnell DE . Ventilatory limitations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Med Sci Sports Exerc2001; 33: S647-S655 .
13.
13. Richardson RS , Sheldon J , Poole DC , Hopkins SR , Ries AL , Wagner PD . Evidence of skeletal muscle metabolic reserve during whole body exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Am J Respir Crit Care Med1999; 159: 881-885 .
14.
14. Bianchi L , Foglio K , Porta R , Baiardi R , Vitacca M , Ambrosino N . Lack of additional effect of adjunct of assisted ventilation to pulmonary rehabilitation in mild COPD patients . Respir Med2002; 96: 359-367 .
15.
15. Johnson JE , Gavin DJ , Adams-Dramiga S . Effect of training with Heliox and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on exercise ability in patients with severe COPD . Chest2002; 122: 464-472 .
16.
16. Hawkins P , Johnson LC , Nikoletou D et al. Proportional assist ventilation as an aid to exercise training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Thorax2002; 57: 853-859 .
17.
17. Emtner M , Porszasz J , Burns M , Somfay A , Casaburi R . Benefits of supplemental oxygen in rehabilitative exercise training in non-hypoxemic COPD patients . Eur Respir J2002; 20: 235s-235s .
18.
18. Garrod R , Paul EA , Wedzicha JA . Supplemental oxygen during pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD with exercise hypoxaemia . Thorax2000; 55: 539-543 .
19.
19. Rooyackers JM , Dekhuijzen PN , van Herwaarden CL , Folgering HT . Training with supplemental oxygen in patients with COPD and hypoxaemia at peak exercise. Eur Respir J1997; 10: 1278-1284 .
20.
20. Wadell K , Henriksson-Larsen K , Lundgren, R . Physical training with and without oxygen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and exercise-induced hypoxaemia . J Rehabil Med2001; 33: 200-205 .
21.
21. Spruit MA , Gosselink R , Troosters T , De Paepe C , Decramer M . Resistance versus endurance training in patients with COPD and skeletal muscle weakness . Eur Respir J2002; 19: 1072-1078 .
22.
22. Pu CT , Johnson MT , Forman DE et al. Randomized trial of progressive resistance training to counteract the myopathy of chronic heart failure . J Appl Physiol2001; 90: 2341-2350 .
23.
23. Jubrias SA , Esselman PC , Price LB , Cress ME , Conley KE . Large energetic adaptations of elderly muscle to resistance and endurance training . J Appl Physiol2001; 90: 1663-1670 .
24.
24. Bernard S , Whittom F , LeBlanc P et al. Aerobic and strength training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Am J Respir Crit Care Med1999; 159: 896-901 .
25.
25. Vincent KR , Braith RW . Resistance exercise and bone turnover in elderly men and women . Med Sci Sports Exerc2002; 34: 17-23 .
26.
26. Nelson ME , Fiatarone MA , Morganti CM , Trice I , Greenberg RA , Evans WJ . Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures . A randomized controlled trial. JAMA1994; 272: 1909-1914 .
27.
27. Simpson K , Killian K , McCartney N , Stubbing DG , Jones NL . Randomised controlled trial of weightlifting exercise in patients with chronic airflow limitation . Thorax1992; 47: 70-75 .
28.
28. Ortega F , Toral J , Cejudo P et al. Comparison of effects of strength and endurance training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease . Am J Respir Crit Care Med2002; 166: 669-674 .