Trauma is increasingly recognized as a factor in the development of chronic pain. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and phantom limb pain are distinct chronic conditions associated with trauma; they are also a challenge to treat and can lead to life-long suffering with a significant drain on healthcare resources. This review explores the underlying pathophysiology of acute pain after trauma and its transition to become chronic. In doing so it will provide a better understanding of treatment options. The evidence is increasing that treating injury well in the acute phase can prevent chronic pain from developing (Katz et al., 1996). Once chronic pain has developed it is more difficult to treat.
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