This paper compares the different visual objectives that have been used in side-by-side matching experiments. In tests, two different fluorescent lamps were compared in juxtaposed booths by a series of observers. It was found that:(i) there was no significant difference in illuminance ratio when matching the booths according to six different visual objectives including equal brightness, equal clarity and equal pleasantness; and (ii) the matched condition was not predicted by illuminance based on V(l). The data exhibited the error associated with the application of dimming previously noted by Fotios.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Boyce PR.Investigations of the subjective balance between illuminance and lamp colour properties. Lighting Res. Technol.1977; 9: 11-24.
Fotios SA, Levermore GJ.The perception of electric light sources of different colour properties. Lighting Res. Technol.1997; 29: 161-171.
4.
Fotios SA.Lamp colour properties and apparent brightness: a review. Lighting Res. Technol.2001; 33: 163-181.
5.
Vrabel PL, Bernecker CA, Mistrick RG.Visual performance and visual clarity under electric light sources: Part II—Visual clarity. J. Illuminating Eng. Soc.1998; 27: 29-41.
6.
Fotios SA.Experimental conditions to examine the relationship between lamp colour properties and apparent brightness. Lighting Res. Technol.2002; 34: 29-38.
7.
Aston SM, Bellchambers HE.Illumination, colour rendering and visual clarity. Lighting Res. Technol.1969; 1: 259-261.
Lemons TM, Robinson AV.Does visual clarity have meaning for IES illuminance recommendations for task lighting?Lighting Design Application1976; 6: 24-30.
10.
Randhawa HS.Visual characteristics of light sources for residential road lighting. In: NPL-CIE-UK Conference Visual Scales: Photometric and Colorimetric Aspects, 1997: 65-68.
11.
Levermore GJ.Perception of lighting and brightness from HID light sources. Lighting Res. Technol.1994; 26: 145-150.
Thornton WA, Chen E, Morton EW, Rachko D.Brightness meter. J. Illumin. Eng. Soc.1980: 52-63.
14.
Flynn JE, Spencer TJ.The effects of light source colour on user impression and satisfaction. J. Illum. Eng. Soc.1977; (April): 167-179.
15.
Loe DL.Measuring the light appearance of a space. Light and Lighting.1999; 11: 35-37.
16.
Poulton EC.Quantitative subjective assessments are almost always biased, sometimes completely misleading, Br. J. Psychol.1977; 68: 409-425.
17.
Fotios SA.An error in brightness matching associated with the application of dimming. Lighting Res. Technol.2001; 33: 223-231.
18.
Hesselgren S.The language of architecture. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur, 1967.
19.
Tiller DK, Rea MS.Semantic differential scaling: prospects in lighting research. Lighting Res. Technol.1992; 24: 43-52.
20.
Boyce PR, Cuttle C, Effect of correlated colour temperature on the perception of interiors and colour discrimination, Lighting Res. Technol.1990; 22: 19-36.
21.
Houser KW, Tiller DK & Hu X, Tuning the fluorescent lamp spectrum for the trichromatic visual response: a pilot study. Leukos.2004; 1: 7-24.
22.
CIE, publication No. 41, Light as a true visual quantity: Principles of measurement. Commission Internationale De L’Eclairage, 1978.
