Lo DYM , Lo ESF , Watson N et al. Two-way cell traffic between mother and fetus: biologic and clinical implications . Blood1996; 88: 4390–4395 .
2.
Bianchi DW , Zickwolf GK , Weil GJ et al. Male fetal progenitor cells persist in maternal blood for as long as 27 years postpartum . Proc Natl Acad Sci1996; 93: 705–708 .
3.
Hall J , Lingenfelter P , Adams S et al. Detection of maternal cells in human umbilical cord blood using fiuorescence in situ hybridization . Blood. 1996; 86: 2829–2832 .
4.
Petit T , Dommergues M , Socie G et al. Detection of maternal cells in human fetal blood during the third trimester of pregnancy using allele-specic PCR amplication . Br J Hemato1997; 100: 767–771 .
5.
Lo ESF , Lo YMD , Hjelm NM , Thilaganathan B . Transfer of nucleated maternal cells into fetal circulation during the second trimester of pregnancy . Br J Hematol1998; 100: 605–606 .
6.
Pollack MS , Kirpatrick D , Kapoor N et al. Identification by HLA typing of intrauterine derived maternal T cells in four patients with severe combined immunodeficiency . N Engl J Med1982; 307: 662–666 .
7.
Hutchinson DL , Turner JH , Schlesinger ER . Persistence of donor cells in neonates after fetal and exchange transfusion . Am J Obstet Gynec. 1971; 109: 281–284 .
8.
Sullivan K : Graft-versus-host disease. In Forman ST , Blume KG , Thomas Ed (eds). Bone Marrow Transplantation. Blackwell Scientific: Oxford ,1994, 339–362.
9.
Lawley T , Peck G , Moutsopoulos H , Gratwohl A , Deisseroth A . Scleroderma, Sjögren-like syndrome, and chronic graft-versus-host disease . Ann Int Med1977; 87: 707–709 .
10.
Aractingi S , Dausset J , Carosella ED . Microchimerism and scleroderma . Lancet1998; 351: 2886-2886 (letter).
11.
Janin Mercier A , Devergie A , Van Cauwenberge D et al. Immunohistologic and ultrastructural study of the sclerotic study of the sclerotic skin in chronic graft versus host disease in man . Am J Pathol1984; 115: 296–306 .
12.
McDonald GB , Sullivan KM , Schuffier MD et al. Esophageal abnormalities in chronic graft-versus-host disease in humans . Gastroenterology1981; 80: 914–921 .
13.
Anasetti C , Rybka W , Sullivan KM et al. Graft-vs-host disease is associated with autoimmune-like thrombocytopenia . Blood1989; 73: 1054–1058 .
14.
Klump TR , Herman JH . Autoimmune neutropenia after bone marrow transplantation . Blood1993; 82: 1035-1035 .
15.
Lister L , Messner H , Keysonte E et al. Autoantibody analysis of patients with graft versus host disease . J Clin Lab Immunol1987; 24, 19–23 .
16.
Rouquette-Gally A , Boyeldieu D , Prost A , Gluckman E . Autoimmunity after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation . Transplantation1988;46: 238-238 .
17.
Nelson JL . Viewpoint. Maternal-fetal immunology and autoimmune disease. Is some autoimmune disease auto-allo or all-auto immune?Arthritis Rheum1996; 39: 191–194 .
18.
Gleichman E , Van Elven H , Van der Veen JP . A systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like disease in mice induced by abnormal T-B cell cooperation . Eur J Immunol1982; 12: 152–155 .
19.
Portanova JP , Ebling FM , Hammond WS , Hahn BH , Kotzin BL . Allogeneic MHC antigen requirements for lupus-like autoantibody production and nephritis in murine graft-vs-host disease . J Immunol1988; 141: 3370–3376 .
20.
Matzinger P . An innate sense of danger . Semin Immunol1998; 10: 399–415 .
21.
Nelson JL , Furst DE , Maloney S et al. Microchimerism and HLA-compatible relationships of pregnancy in scleroderma . Lancet1998; 351: 559–562 .
22.
Artlett CM , Smith JB , Jimenez SA . Identification of fetal DNA and cells in skin lesions from women with systemic sclerosis . N Engl J Med1998; 338: 1186–1191 .
23.
Aractingi S , Berkane N , Bertheau P et al. Fetal DNA in skin of polymorphic eruptions of pregnancy . Lancet1999; 352: 1898–1901 .
24.
Hakim FT , Mackall CL . The immune system: effector and target of graft-versus-host disease. In Ferrara JL , Deeg HJ , Burakof St (eds) Graft-vs-Host Disease2nd edn.Marcel Dekker: New York , 1997, 274–289.
25.
Evans PC , Lambert N , Maloney S et al. Long term fetal microchimerism in peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets in health women and women with scleroderma . Blood1999; 93: 2033–2037 .
26.
Nelson JL . Microchimerism and autoimmune disease . N Engl J Med1998; 338: 1224–1225 .
27.
Starzl TE , Demetris AJ , Murase N et al. The lost chord: microchimerism and allograft survival . Immunol Today1996; 17: 577–584 .
28.
Suzuki K , Narita T , Yui R , Asakura H , Fujiwara M . Mechanism of the induction of autoimmune disease by graft-versus-host reaction. Role of CD8 / cells in the development of hepatic and ductal lesions induced by CD4 / cells in MHC class I plus II different host . Lab Invest1994; 70: 609–619 .
29.
Pandey JP , LeRoy EC . Human cytomegalovirus and the vasculopathies of autoimmune diseases (especially scleroderma) allograft rejection, and coronary restenosis . Arthritis Rheum1998; 41: 10–15 .
30.
Miller RG . The veto phenomenon and T-cell regulation . Immunol Today1986; 7: 112–114 .
31.
De Moor G , De Bock G , Noens L , De Bic S . A new case of human chimerism detected after pregnancy: 46,XY karyotype in the lymphocytes of a woman . Acta Clin Belg1988; 43: 231–235 .
32.
Lee TH , Paglieroni T , Holland PV , Busch MP . Frequent engraftment of donor stem cells in multiply transfused trauma patients . Blood1999; 93: 3127–3139 .
33.
Piotrowski P , Croy BA . Maternal cells are widely distributed in murine fetuses in utero . Bio Repro1996; 54: 1103–1110 .
34.
Reed AM , Shock LP , Picornell YJ . Microchimerism in children with juvenile dermatomyositis . Arthritis Rheum1998; 41: S264-S264 (abstract).
35.
Nelson JL , Tsao B , Hahn B et al. Microchimerism: A new etiology for autoimmune disease?The FASEB Journal1999; 13(5): A958-A958 (abstract).
36.
Holzgreve W , Ghezzi F , Di Naro E et al. Distrubed feto-maternal cell traffic in preeclampsia . Obstet Gynecol1998; 91: 669–672 .