Hughes GRV . Thrombosis, abortion, cerebral disease and the lupus anticoagulant . BMJ1983; 287: 1088–1091 .
2.
Hughes GRV . The antiphospholipid syndrome: Ten years on . Lancet1993; 342: 1-1 .
3.
Harris EN et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies: detection by radioimmunoassay and association with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus . Lancet1983; 2: 1211–1214 .
4.
Asherson RA , Cervera R , Piette JC , Shoenfeld Y (Eds). The antiphospholipid syndrome. CRC Press: Florida , 1996.
5.
Hojnik M , George J , Ziporen L , Shoenfeld Y . Heart valve involvement (Libman-Sacks endocarditis) in the antiphospholipid syndrome . Circulation1996; 93(8): 1579–1587 .
6.
Ziporen L , Shoenfeld Y , Levy Y , Korczyn AD . Neurological dysfunction and hyperactive behavior associated with antiphospholipid antibodies. A mouse model . J Clin Invest1997; 100(3): 613–619 .
7.
Brey RL , Gharavi AE , Lockshin MD . Neurological complications of antiphospholipid antibodies. Rheum Clin North Am1993; 19833–19850.
8.
Asherson RA et al. The spectrum of livedo reticularis and anticardiolipin antibodies . Br J Dermatol1989; 120: 215–221 .
9.
Roubey RAS . Autoantibodies to phospholipid binding plasma proteins: A new view of lupus anticoagulants and other antiphospholipid antibodies . Blood1994; 84: 2854–2857 .
10.
Blank M . Cohen JH , Toder V , Shoenfeld Y . Induction of antiphospholipid syndrome in naive mice with mouse lupus monoclonal and human polyclonal anti-cardiolipin antibodies . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1991; 88: 3069–3073 .
11.
Branch DW et al. IgG fractions from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies cause fetal death in BALB/c mice: a model for autoimmune fetal loss . Am J Obst Gynecol1990; 163: 210–216 .
12.
Yodfat O , Blank M , Krause I , Shoenfeld Y . The pathogenic role of anti-phosphatidylserine antibodies: active immunization with the antibodies leads to the induction of antiphospholipid syndrome . Clin Immunol and Immunopath1996; 78(1): 14–20 .
13.
Shoenfeld Y . Immunosuppression of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome . Transplantation Proceedings1994; 26(6): 3211–3213 .
14.
Shoenfeld Y , Blank M , Fishman P . Antiphosopholipid syndrome: from the laboratory bench to the patients' bedside . Lupus1995; 4(1): S33–S36 .
15.
Pierangeli SS et al. Effect of human IgG antiphospholipid antibodies on in vivo thrombosis model in mice . Thromb Haemost1994; 71: 610–674 .
16.
Swissa M et al. Determination of autoantibodies in patients with familial Mediterranean fever and their first degree relatives . J Rheumatol1991; 18: 606–608 .
17.
Shoenfeld Y . Idiotypic induction of autoimmunity: a new aspect of the idiotypic network. FASEB Review1994; 1296–1301.
18.
Matsura H et al. Anticardiolipin cofactor(s) and differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease . Lancet1990; 336: 177–178 .
19.
McNeil HP , Simpson RJ , Chesterman CN , Krilis SA . Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes lipid binding inhibitor of coagulation: B2 glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H)Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 4120–4124 .
20.
Galli M et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) directed not to cardiolipin but to plasma protein cofactor . Lancet1990; 335: 1544–1547 .
21.
Hunt JE et al. A phospholipid-b 2-glycoprotein I complex is an antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies occurring in autoimmune disease but not with infection . Lupus1992; 1: 75–81 .
22.
Matsuura E et al. Heterogeneity of anticardiolipin antibodies defined by anticardiolipin cofactor . J Immunol1992; 148: 3885–3891 .
Arvieux J et al. Lupus like anticoagulant properties of murine monoclonal antibodies to b 2-glycoprotein I . Br J Haematol1992; 81: 568-568 .
25.
Schousboe I . b2-glycoprotein I: a plasma inhibitor of the contact activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway . Blood1985; 66: 1086–1091 .
26.
Nimpf J , Bevers EM , Bomans PHH . Prothrombinase activity of human platelets is inhibited by b 2-glycoprotein I . Biochem Biophys Acta1986; 884: 142–149 .
27.
Matsuda J et al. Resistance to activated protein C activity of an b 2glycoprotein I antibody in the presence of b 2-glycoprotein I . Br J Haematol1995; 90: 204–206 .
28.
Shi W , Chong BH , Hogg PJ , Chesterman CN . Anticardiolipin antibodies block the inhibition by b 2-glycoprotein I of the factor X — a generating activity of platelets . Thromb Haemostas1993; 70: 342–345 .
29.
Kato H and Enjyoji K . Amino acid sequence and location of the disulfide bonds in bovine b2-glycoprotein I: the presence of five sushi domains . Biochemistry1991; 30: 11687-11687 .
30.
Hunt J , Krilis S . The fifth domain of b2-glycoprotein I contains a phospholipid binding site (Cys 281-Cys 288) and a region recognized by anticardiopoin antibodies . J Immunol1994; 152: 653–659 .
31.
Schultze HE , Heide K , Haupt H . Uber ein bisher unbekanntes niedermolekulares b2-globulin des Humanserums . Naturwissenschaften1961; 48: 719-719 .
32.
Lozier J , Takahashi Nm , Putman FW . Complete amino acid sequence of human plasma b2-glycoprotein I . Proc Nat Acad Sci 1984; 81: 3640–3644 .
33.
Mehdi H , Nunn M , Steel DM , Whitehead AS , Perez M , Walker L , Peeples ME . Nucleotide sequence and expression of the human gene encoding apolipoprotein II (b2-glycoprotein I) . Gene1991; 108: 293–298 .
34.
Kamboh MI , Wagenknecht DR , McIntyre JA . Heterogeneity of the apolipoprotein H3 allele and its role in affecting the binding of apolipoprotein H (b2-glycoprotein I) to anionic phospholipids . Hum Genet1995; 95: 385–388 .
35.
Koppe AL , Walter H , Chopra VP , Bajatzadeh M . Investigations on the genetics and population genetics of the b2-glycoprotein I polymorphism . Humangenetik1970; 9: 164–171 .
36.
Roubey RAS , Pratt CW , Buyon JP , Winfield JB . Lupus anticoagulant activity of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies dependent upon b2-glycoprotein-I . J Clin Invest1992; 90: 1100-1100 .
37.
Oosting JD , Derksen RHWM , Entjes HTI , Bouma BN , De Groot PG . Lupus anticoagulant activity is frequently dependent on the presence of b2-glycoprotein-I . Thromb Haemostas1992; 67: 499–502 .
38.
Arvieux J , Roussel B , Pouzol P , Colomb MG . Platelet activity properties of murine monoclonal antibodies to b2-glycoprotein I . Thromb Haemostas1993; 70: 336–341 .
39.
Shi W , Chong BH , Chesterman CN . b2-glycoprotein I is a requirement for anticardiolipin antibodies binding to activated platelets: differences with lupus anticoagulant . Blood1993; 81: 1255–1262 .
40.
Vasquez-Mellado J , Llorente P , Alarcon Segovia D . Exposure of anionic phsopholipid upon platelet activation permits binding of b2glycoprotein -I and through it IgG antiphospolipid antibidies. Studies in platelets from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and normal subjects . J Autoimmunity1994; 7: 335–348 .
41.
Del Papa N , Guidali L , Spatola L , Bonara P , Borghi MO , Tincani A , Balestrieri G , Meroni PL . Relationship between anti-phospholipid and anti-endothelial cell antibodies. III. b2-glycoprotein I mediates the antibody binding to endothelial membranes and induces expression of adhesion molecules . Clin Exp Rheumatol1995; 13: 179-179 .
42.
Le Tonqueze M , Dueymes M , Piette JC et al. Role of b2-glycoprotein I in the antiphospholipid antibody binding to endothelial cells . Lupus1995; 4: 179–186 .
43.
George J , Afek A , Gilburd B et al. Atherosclerosis in LDR receptor knockout mice is accelerated by immunization with anti-cardiolipin antibodies . Lupus1997; 6: 723–729 .
44.
Balestrieri G , Tincani A , Spatola L , Allegri F , Prati E , Cattaneo R , Valesini G , Del Papa N , Meroni P . Anti-b2-glycoprotein I antibodies: a marker of antiphospholipid syndrome?Lupus1995; 4: 122–130 .
45.
Roubey RAS , Eisenberg RA , Harper MF , Winfield JB . ‘Anticardiolipin’ autoantibodies recognize b2-glycoprotein I in the absence of phospholipid. Importance of Ag density and bivalent binding . J Immunol1995; 154: 954–960 .
46.
Wurm H . b2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H) interactions with phospholipid vesicles . Int J Biochem16: 511-511 , 1984.
47.
Cabiedes J , Cabral AR , Alarcon-Segovia D . Clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus associate more strongly with b2-glycoprotein I than with antiphospholipid antibodies . J Rheumatol1995; 22: 1899–1906 .
48.
Viard JP , Amoura Z , Vach JF . Association of anti-b2 glycoprotein I antibodies with lupus type circulating anticoagulant and thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus . Amer J. Med1992; 93: 181–186 .
49.
Arvieux J , Rousiel B , Jacob MC , Colomb MG . Measurement of antiphospholipid antibodies by ELISA using b2-glycoprotein I as an antigen . J Immunol Methods1991; 143: 223–229 .
50.
Matsura F , Igarashi T , Yasuda T , Triplett DA , Koike T . Anticardiolipin antibodies recognize b2-glycoprotein I structure altered by interacting with an oxygen modified solid phase surface . J Exp Med1994; 179: 457–462 .
51.
Wagenknecht DR , Mcintyre JA . Changes in b2-glycoprotein I antigenicity induced by phospholipid binding Thromb Haemostas1993; 69: 361–365 .
52.
Hasumama Y , Mtauura E , Makita Z , Kathahira T , Nishi S , Koike T . Involvement of b2GP-I and anticardiolipin antibodies in oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins uptake by macrophages . Clin Exp Immunol1997; 107: 569–573 .
53.
Peter JB , Shoenfeld Y (Eds). Autoantibodies. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands , 1997.
54.
Gharavi AE , Sammaritano LR , Wen J , Elkon KB . Induction of antiphospholipid autoantibodies by immunization with b2-glycoprotein (apolipoprotein H)J Clin Invest1992; 90: 1105–1109 .
55.
Blank M , Faden D , Tincani A et al. Immunization with anticardiolipin cofactor (b2-glycoprotein I) induces experimental antiphospholipid syndrome in naive mice . J Autoimmune1994; 7: 441–455 .
56.
Brey RL , Cote S , Telc JM . Autoimmune disease is accelerated in MRL= / / mice after apolipoprotein H immunization . Neurology1994; 44: A316-A316 .
57.
Aron AL , Cuellar RL , Brey S , McKeown LR , Espinoza Y , Shoenfeld Y , Gharavi AE . Early onset of autoimmunity in MRL= / / mice following immunization with b2-glycoprotein I . Clin Exp Immunol1995; 101: 78–81 .
58.
Cabral AR , Amigo MC , Cabiedes J , Alarcon-Segovia D . The antiphospholipid co-factor syndromes: a primary variant with antibodies to b2-glycoprotein I — but no antibodies detectable in standard antiphospolipid assays . Am J Med1996; 101: 472–481 .
59.
Rauch J , Tannenbaum H , Janoff AS . Distinguishing plasma lupus anticoagulants from anti-factor antibodies using hexagonal (II) phase phospholipids . Thromb Haemostas1989; 66: 454–458 .
60.
Blank M , George J , Barak V , Tincani A , Koike T , Shoenfeld Y . Oral tolerance to low dose-b2-glycoprotein-I: a novel immunomodulation of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome. J Immunuol. (in press).
61.
Gharavi AE , Tang H , Gharavi E , Wilson WA . Induction of antiphospholipid antibodies by immunization with viral peptides . Arthritis Rheum (abstract)1996; 39: S319-S319 .
62.
Blank M , Cabili S , Heldman Y , Shoenfeld Y , and Katchaski-Katzir E . Anti-b2-glycoprotein-I epitope characterization by peptides isolated from a phage-epitope library and prevention of biological activity of these antibodies in vitro and in vivo. (in press).
63.
Alarcon-Segovia D , Cabral AR : Antiphospholipid antibodies: Where do they come from? Where do they go?J Rheumatol1994, 21: 982–989 .
64.
Hanly JG . Hong C , James H , Mansour M , Verrier Jones J . Requirement for b2-glycoprotein I as cofactor in the binding of IgM and IgA anticardiolipin antibodies . J Rheumatol1995; 22: 1091–1096 .
65.
Bendixen E , Halkier T , Magnusson S , Sottrup-Jensen L , Kristensen T . Complete primary structure of bovine b2-glycoprotein I: Localization of the disulfide bridges . Biochemistry1992; 31: 3611–3617 .
66.
Kaburaki J , Kuwana M , Yamamoto M , Kawai S , Matsuura E , Ikeda Y . Disease distribution of b2-glycoprotein I-dependent anticardiolipin antibodies in rheumatic diseases . Lupus1995; 4: 27–31 .
67.
Shoenfeld Y , Isenberg DA (author). The Mosaic of Autoimmunity, Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands , 1988.
68.
Shoenfeld Y , Isenberg D . The mosaic of autoimmunity . Immunology Today1989; 10: 4123–4126 .
69.
Constans J , Guerin V , Couchoron A , Steigneur M , et al. Autoantibodies directed against phospholipids or human b2-GP-I in HIVseropositive patients: relationship with endothelial activation and antimalonic dialdehyde . Eur J Clin Invest1998; 28: 115–122 .
70.
Chamley LE , McKay EJ , Pattison NS . Cofactor-dependent and cofactor-independent anticardiolipin antibodies . Thromb Res1991; 61: 291-291 .
71.
Hojnik M , Gilburd B , Ziporen L , Blank M , Tomer Y , Scheinberg MA , Tincani A , Rozman B , Shoenfeld Y . Anticardiolipin antibodies in infections are heterogeneous in their dependency on b2-glycoprotein I: Analysis of anticardiolipin antibodies in leprosy . Lupus1994; 3: 515–521 .