The 6th European Lupus Meeting was held at the Royal College of Physicians of London and was attended by 450 delegates. The conference brought together leading speakers from Europe and North America who reviewed current knowledge and exciting new developments in both clinical and basic science aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus. This review summarizes the major points covered in each session.
Flanc RS , Roberts MA , Strippoli GF , Chadban SJ , Kerr PG , Atkins RC.Treatment of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Am J Kidney Dis2004; 43: 197-208 .
2.
Howie AJ , Turhan N , Adu D.Powerful morphometric indicator of prognosis in lupus nephritis . QJM2003; 96: 411-420 .
3.
Tektonidou MG , Sotsiou F , Nakopoulou L , Vlachoyiannopoulos PG , Moutsopoulos HM.Antiphospholipid syndrome nephropathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid antibodies: prevalence, clinical associations, and long-term outcome . Arthritis Rheum2004; 50: 2569-2579 .
4.
Ahmad Y , Bruce IN.Subclinical atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus . J Rheumatol2004; 31: 841-843 .
5.
Delgado Alves J , Ames PR , Donohue Set al.Antibodies to high-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein I are inversely correlated with paraoxonase activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome . Arthritis Rheum2002; 46: 2686-2694 .
6.
Roman MJ , Shanker BA , Davis Aet al.Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus . N Engl J Med2003; 349: 2399-2406 .
7.
Clarke AE , Petri M , Manzi Set al.The systemic lupus erythematosus Tri-nation Study: absence of a link between health resource use and health outcome . Rheumatology (Oxford)2004; 43: 1016-1024 .
8.
Hanly JG.ACR classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: limitations and revisions to neuropsychiatric variables . Lupus2004; 13: 861-864 .
9.
Kowal C , DeGiorgio LA , Nakaoka Tet al.Cognition and immunity; antibody impairs memory . Immunity2004; 21: 179-188 .
10.
Ehrenstein MR , Jury EC , Mauri C.Statins for atherosclerosis—as good as it gets ? N Engl J Med2005; 352: 73-75 .
11.
Leandro MJ , Edwards JC , Cambridge G , Ehrenstein MR , Isenberg DA.An open study of B lymphocyte depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum2002; 46: 2673-2677 .
12.
Kang HK , Michaels MA , Berner BR , Datta SK.Very low-dose tolerance with nucleosomal peptides controls lupus and induces potent regulatory T cell subsets . J Immunol2005; 174: 3247-3255 .
13.
Casciola-Rosen L , Nagaraju K , Plotz Pet al.Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy . J Exp Med2005; 201: 591-601 .
14.
Baumann I , Kolowos W , Voll REet al.Impaired uptake of apoptotic cells into tingible body macrophages in germinal centers of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum2002; 46: 191-201 .
15.
Stach CM , Turnay X , Voll REet al.Treatment with annexin V increases immunogenicity of apoptotic human T-cells in Balb/c mice . Cell Death Differ2000; 7: 911-915 .
16.
Georgiev M , Agle LM , Chu JL , Elkon KB , Ashany D.Mature dendritic cells readily break tolerance in normal mice but do not lead to disease expression . Arthritis Rheum2005; 52: 225-238 .
17.
Boule MW , Broughton C , Mackay F , Akira S , Marshak-Rothstein A , Rifkin IR.Toll-like receptor 9-dependent and -independent dendritic cell activation by chromatin-immunoglobulin G complexes . J Exp Med2004; 199: 1631-1640 .
18.
Decker P , Singh-Jasuja H , Haager S , Kotter I , Rammensee HG.Nucleosome, the main autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus, induces direct dendritic cell activation via a MyD88-independent pathway: consequences on inflammation . J Immunol2005; 174: 3326-3334 .
19.
Kim S , Elkon KB , Ma X.Transcriptional suppression of interleukin-12 gene expression following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells . Immunity2004; 21: 643-653 .
20.
Sigurdsson S , Nordmark G , Goring HHet al.Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus . Am J Hum Genet2005; 76: 528-537 .
21.
Llorente L , Richaud-Patin Y , Garcia-Padilla Cet al.Clinical and biologic effects of anti-interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody administration in systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum2000; 43: 1790-1800 .
22.
Mathian A , Weinberg A , Gallegos M , Banchereau J , Koutouzov S.IFN-alpha induces early lethal lupus in preautoimmune (New Zealand Black New Zealand White) F1 but not in BALB/c mice . J Immunol2005; 174: 2499-2506 .
23.
Jonsson G , Truedsson L , Sturfelt G , Oxelius VA , Braconier JH , Sjoholm AG.Hereditary C2 deficiency in Sweden: frequent occurrence of invasive infection, atherosclerosis, and rheumatic disease . Medicine (Baltimore)2005; 84: 23-34 .
24.
Nived O , Sturfelt G.ACR classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus: complement components . Lupus2004; 13: 877-879 .
25.
Hepburn AL , Mason JC , Davies KA.Expression of Fcgamma and complement receptors on peripheral blood monocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis . Rheumatology (Oxford)2004; 43: 547-554 .
26.
Trouw LA , Groeneveld TW , Seelen MAet al.Anti-C1q autoantibodies deposit in glomeruli but are only pathogenic in combination with glomerular C1q-containing immune complexes . J Clin Invest2004; 114: 679-688 .
27.
Mauri C , Gray D , Mushtaq N , Londei M.Prevention of arthritis by interleukin 10-producing B cells . J Exp Med2003; 197: 489-501 .
28.
Su TT , Guo B , Wei B , Braun J , Rawlings DJ.Signaling in transitional type 2 B cells is critical for peripheral B-cell development . Immunol Rev2004; 197: 161-178 .
29.
Jury EC , Kabouridis PS , Abba A , Mageed RA , Isenberg DA.Increased ubiquitination and reduced expression of LCK in T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum2003; 48: 1343-1354 .
30.
Jury EC , Kabouridis PS , Flores-Borja F , Mageed RA , Isenberg DA.Altered lipid raft-associated signaling and ganglioside expression in T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . J Clin Invest2004; 113: 1176-1187 .
31.
Datta SK , Zhang L , Xu L.T-helper cell intrinsic defects in lupus that break peripheral tolerance to nuclear autoantigens . J Mol Med2005; 83: 267-278 .
32.
Morel L , Croker BP , Blenman KRet al.Genetic reconstitution of systemic lupus erythematosus immunopathology with polycongenic murine strains . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2000; 97: 6670-6675 .
33.
Wandstrat AE , Nguyen C , Limaye Net al.Association of extensive polymorphisms in the SLAM/CD2 gene cluster with murine lupus . Immunity2004; 21: 769-780 .
34.
Prokunina L , Gunnarsson I , Sturfelt Get al.The systemic lupus erythematosus-associated PDCD1 polymorphism PD1.3A in lupus nephritis . Arthritis Rheum2004; 50: 327-328 .
35.
Takegami T , Nakao K , Nagayama Yet al.[A case of SLE associated with Turner’s syndrome of 45, XO/46, XXq + mosaicism (author’s transl)] . Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi1980; 69: 861-866 .
36.
Arbuckle MR , McClain MT , Rubertone MVet al.Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus . N Engl J Med2003; 349: 1526-1533 .
37.
Jacobi AM , Odendahl M , Reiter Ket al.Correlation between circulating CD27high plasma cells and disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum2003; 48: 1332-1342 .