Re-establishment of tolerance: the prospect of developing specific treatment for human lupus

Jenkins MK , Schwartz RH , Pardoll DM. Effects of cyclosporine A on T cell development and clonal deletion . Science 1988; 241: 1655-1658 .

Li Y , Li XC , Zheng XX , Wells AD , Turka LA , Strom TB. Blocking both signal 1 and signal 2 of T-cell activation prevents apoptosis of alloreactive T cells and induction of peripheral allograft tolerance . Nat Med 1999; 5: 1298-1302 .

Ridgway WM , Weiner HL , Fathman CG. Regulation of autoimmune response . Curr Opin Immunol 1994; 6: 946-955 .

Tsokos GC. Overview of cellular immune function in systemic lupus erythematosus. In Lahita RG ed. Systemic lupus erythematosus, 5th edition. London and San Diego: Elsevier , 2004: 29-92.

Datta SK. Major peptide autoepitopes for nucleosome-centered T and B cell interaction in human and murine lupus . Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 987: 79-90 .

Holyst MM , Hill DL , Hoch SO , Hoffman RW. Analysis of human T cell and B cell responses against U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 70-kd, B, and D polypeptides among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease . Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40: 1493-1503 .

Takeno M , Nagafuchi H , Kaneko S et al. Autoreactive T cell clones from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus support polyclonal autoantibody production . J Immunol 1997; 158: 3529-3538 .

Singh RR , Hahn BH , Tsao BP , Ebling FM. Evidence for multiple mechanisms of polyclonal T cell activation in murine lupus . J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 1841-1849 .

Singh RR , Ebling FM , Sercarz EE , Hahn BH. Immune tolerance to autoantibody-derived peptides delays development of autoimmunity in murine lupus . J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 2990-2996 .

Kalsi JK , Grossman J , Kim J et al. Peptides from antibodies to DNA elicit cytokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relation of cytokine pattern to disease duration . Lupus 2004; 13: 490-500 .

Kaliyaperumal A , Michaels MA , Datta SK. Antigen-specific therapy of murine lupus nephritis using nucleosomal peptides: tolerance spreading impairs pathogenic function of autoimmune T and B cells . J Immunol 1999; 162: 5775-5783 .

Jouanne C , Avrameas S , Payelle-Brogard B. A peptide derived from a polyreactive monoclonal anti-DNA natural antibody can modulate lupus development in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice . Immunology 1999; 96: 333-339 .

Eilat E , Zinger H , Nyska A , Mozes E. Prevention of systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice bytreating with CDR1- and CDR3-based peptides of a pathogenic autoantibody . J Clin Immunol 2000; 20: 268-278 .

Wu HY , Ward FJ , Staines NA. Histone peptide-induced nasal tolerance: suppression of murine lupus . J Immunol 2002; 169: 1126-1134 .

Monneaux F , Lozano JM , Patarroyo ME , Briand JP , Muller S. T cell recognition and therapeutic effect of a phosphorylated synthetic peptide of the 70K snRNP protein administered in MR/lpr mice . Eur J Immunol 2003; 33: 287-296 .

Hahn BH , Singh RR , Wong WK , Tsao BP , Bulpitt K , Ebling FM. Treatment with a consensus peptide based on amino acid sequences in autoantibodies prevents T cell activation by autoantigens and delays disease onset in murine lupus . Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 432-441 .

Zinger H , Eilat E , Meshorer A , Mozes E. Peptides based on the complementarity-determining regions of a pathogenic autoantibody mitigate lupus manifestations of (NZB x NZW)F1 mice via active suppression . Int Immunol 2003; 15: 205-214 .

Desai-Mehta A , Lu L , Ramsey-Goldman R , Datta SK. Hyperexpression of CD40 ligand by B and T cells in human lupus and its role in pathogenic autoantibody production . J Clin Invest 1996; 97: 2063-2073 .

Early GS , Zhao W , Burns CM. Anti-CD40 ligand antibody treatment prevents the development of lupus-like nephritis in a subset of New Zealand black x New Zealand white mice. Response correlates with the absence of an anti-antibody response . J Immunol 1996; 157: 3159-3164 .

Liossis SN , Sfikakis PP. Costimulation blockade in the treatment of rheumatic diseases . Bio Drugs 2004; 18: 95-102 .

Finck BK , Linsley PS , Wofsy D. Treatment of murine lupus with CTLA4Ig . Science 1994; 265: 1225-1227 .

Lorenz HM. Abetimus (La Jolla pharmaceuticals) . Curr Opin Invest Drugs 2002; 3: 234-239 .

Furie RA , Cash JM , Cronin ME et al. Treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus with LJP 394 . J Rheumatol 2001; 28: 257-265 .

Alarcon-Segovia D , Tumlin JA , Furie RA et al. LJP 394 for the prevention of renal flare in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study . Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: 442-454 .

HGSI Press Release . Human genome sciences announces the discovery of a novel immune stimulant. www.hgsi.com/news/press/99-07-08_BLyS_science.html (last accessed July 8, 1999).

Mackay F , Woodcock SA , Lawton P et al. Mice transgenic for BAFF develop lymphocytic disorders along with autoimmune manifestations . J Exp Med 1999; 190: 1697-1710 .

Zhang J , Roschke V , Baker K et al. Cutting edge: A role for B lymphocyte stimulator in systemic lupus erythematosus . J Immunol 2001; 166: 6-10 .

Petri M , Stohl W , Chatham W et al. BLyS plasma concentrations correlate with disease activity and levels of anti-dsDNA autoantibodies and immunoglobulins (IgG) in a SLE patient observational study . Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: S655-S655 .

Furie R , Stohl W , Ginzler E et al. Safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic results of a phase 1 single and double dose-escalation study of LymphoStat-B (Human Monoclonal Antibody to BLyS) in SLE Patients . Arthritis Rheum 2003; 48: S377-S377 .

Agarwal RK , Kang Y , Zambidis E , Scott DW , Chan CC , Caspi RR. Retroviral gene therapy with an immunoglobulin-antigen fusion construct protects from experimental autoimmune uveitis . J Clin Invest 2000; 106: 245-252 .

El Amine M , Hinshaw JA , Scott DW. In vivo induction of tolerance by an Ig peptide is not affected by the deletion of FcR or a mutated IgG Fc fragment . Int Immunol 2002; 14: 761-766 .

Tsokos GC , Nambiar MP , Tenbrock K , Juang YT. Rewiring the T-cell: signaling defects and novel prospects for the treatment of SLE . Trends Immunol 2003; 24: 259-263 .

Chan OT , Paliwal V , McNiff JM , Park SH , Bendelac A , Shlomchik MJ. Deficiency in beta(2)-microglobulin, but not CD1, accelerates spontaneous lupus skin disease while inhibiting nephritis in MRLFas(lpr) nice: an example of disease regulation at the organ level . J Immunol 2001; 167: 2985-2990 .

Waters ST , McDuffie M , Bagavant H et al. Breaking tolerance to double stranded DNA, nucleosome, and other nuclear antigens is not required for the pathogenesis of lupus glomerulonephritis . J Exp Med 2004; 199: 255-264 .