Autoantibody diversification to a variety of autoantigens is a hallmark for systemic autoimmunity.SLE representsa prototype.In this article the roots of the important questions probed by the Kunkel laboratory in SLE research are traced. Data from the recent animal work by the laboratory of Shu Man Fu are summarized to emphasize the importance of further exploration of autoantibody specificities in lupus with a special emphasis on nephritis and to suggest a broader perspective regarding lupus autoantibody reactivities in addition to those against nuclear components.
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Stern R , Fu SM , Fotino M , Agnello V , Kunkel HG.Hereditary C2 deficiency, association with skin lesions resembling the discoid lesion of systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum1976; 19: 517-522 .
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Winchester RJ , Fu SM , Wernet P , Kunkel HG , Dupont B , Jersild C.Recognition by pregnancy serums of non-HL-A alloantigens selectively expressed on B lymphocytes . J Exp Med1975; 141: 924-929 .
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Yu DTY , Winchester RJ , Fu SM , Gibofsky A , Ko HS , Kunkel HG.Peripheral blood Ia positive T cells: increases in certain diseases and after immunization . J Exp Med1980; 151: 91-100 .
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Deshmukh US , Lewis JE , Gaskin F , Kannapell CC , Waters ST , Lou Y-h , Tung KSK , Fu SM.Immune Responses to Ro60 and its peptides in mice. The nature of the immunogen and endogenousautoantigen determine the specificities of the induced autoantibodies . J Exp Med1999; 189: 531-540 .
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Deshmukh US , Lewis JE , Gaskin F , Dhakephalkar PK , Kannapell CC , Waters ST , Fu SM.Ro60 peptides induce antibodies to similar epitopes shared among lupus-related autoantigens . J Immunol2000; 164: 6655-6661 .
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